5: The Structure of Cells Flashcards
Module 1, Lesson 5
Discrete subcellular structures with specialized functions are called…
Organelles
All cells and many subcellular structures can be seen using a…
Light microscope
To see macromolecules, a(n) ____ is needed.
Electron microscope
List the main characteristics of prokaryotes.
(five)
- Generally smaller than eukaryotes
- Always unicellular
- Cells lack internal compartments
- May have cell walls or a capsule coating
- May have movement appendages such as pili or flagella
List four major similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- A plasma membrane separates the interior of the cell from the environment
- DNA is the cell’s genetic material
- DNA is translated into proteins which carry out gene expression
- Possess metabolic pathways
Subcellular structures used to synthesize proteins are called…
Ribosomes
Ribosomes can be found in…
(three places)
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
The major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotes…
Contain membrane-bound internal compartments (organelles)
Structures unique to plant and fungal cells include…
(three)
- Cell walls
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuoles
Everything contained inside the plasma membrane is termed the…
Cytoplasm
The cellular material inside the plasma membrane but outside the organelle membranes is termed the…
Cytosol
The material contained inside organelle membranes is called the…
Lumen
True or false:
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have cytosol.
False
Cytosol only exists in eukaryotes; however, both types contain cytoplasm.
The largest and most visible organelle is usually the…
Nucleus
The inner and outer membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytosol is called the…
Nuclear envelope
Large openings in the nuclear envelope that enable proteins and RNA to cross are called…
Nuclear pores
The area of the nucleus that synthesizes RNA for ribosomes is called the…
Nucleolus
List the two main functions of the nucleus.
- Protects DNA from damage
- Separates RNA production from protein production
The organelle made up of a network of membrane and a continuous lumen is the…
Endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
List the three major functions of the ER.
- Protein and lipid production
- Calcium ion storage
- Detoxification
The portion of the ER that has ribosomes on the cytosol surface is called the…
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The main function of the rough ER is…
Protein synthesis
The portion of the ER that has no ribosomes is called the…
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The main functions of the smooth ER are…
Lipid synthesis and detoxification reactions
Materials produced in the ER are transported to other areas of the cell using…
Vesicles