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BIOL 1105 > 1: Introduction to Science > Flashcards

1: Introduction to Science Flashcards

Module 1, Lesson 1

1
Q

The study and practice of science is…

A

Research

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2
Q

Those who engage in research are called ____ or ____.

A

Researchers; scientists

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3
Q

Science aims to understand the natural world using…

A

Observation and reasoning

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4
Q

True or false:

Science is in a constant state of change.

A

True

Science is always changing as new experiments are performed, new observations are made, and new evidence is discovered.

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5
Q

What are the two types of reasoning used in science?

A

Deductive and inductive

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6
Q

____ reasoning uses general observations to make specific conclusions.

A

Deductive

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7
Q

____ reasoning uses specific observations to make general predictions.

A

Inductive

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8
Q

What are the two main forms of science?

A

Descriptive and hypothesis-driven

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9
Q

____ science is simply making observations and describing the natural world.

A

Descriptive

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10
Q

____ science is a systematic approach to understanding the world.

A

Hypothesis-driven

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11
Q

Hypothesis-driven science is also called the…

A

Scientific method

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12
Q

List the five main steps of the scientific method.

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Prediction
  5. Conclusion
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13
Q

Genomic sequencing and classifying animals in a habitat are examples of which kind of science?

A

Descriptive

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14
Q

What was the observation in Louis Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiment?

A

Microbial life appears in a flask of nutrient broth over time

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15
Q

What was the question in Louis Pasteur’s swan-necked flask experiment?

A

What is the source of the microbial life?

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16
Q

In Louis Pasteur’s experiment,

The germ hypothesis predicted that…

A

Life would only appear in the flask that was exposed to air

17
Q

In Louis Pasteur’s experiment,

The spontaneous generation hypothesis predicted that…

A

Life will appear in both the sealed and unsealed flasks.

18
Q

The variable being tested in an experiment is the…

A

Independent variable

19
Q

In the ____ group, the independent variable is changed.

A

Test / experimental

20
Q

In the ____ group, the independent variable is not altered.

A

Control

21
Q

A properly designed experiment will test ____ variable(s) at a time.

A

One

22
Q

How did Louis Pasteur set up his experiment?

A

He put nutrient broth in two flasks; sterilized them; and then sealed one, leaving the other exposed to air.

23
Q

What was the result of Pasteur’s experiment?

A

Life only appeared in the unsealed flask. Therefore, the germ hypothesis is supported and the spontaneous generation hypothesis is rejected.

24
Q

A hypothesis…

(four items)

A
  1. Is a possible explanation for an observation
  2. Must make a testable claim
  3. Is retained until disproved
  4. Can be supported, revised, or disproved
25
Q

Claims, beliefs, and practices that claim to be science yet cannot be tested are called…

A

Pseudoscience

26
Q

Two characteristics of pseudoscience

A
  1. Its claims often cannot be tested
  2. It does not use accepted scientific methods.
27
Q

Astrology and intelligent design are examples of…

A

Pseudoscience

28
Q

Breaking a complex process down into its component parts is called…

A

Reductionism

29
Q

____ focuses on how the components of a process work together.

A

Systems biology

30
Q

Systems biology relies heavily on…

A

Computer modeling

31
Q

Systems biology allows us to predict…

A

Emergent properties

32
Q

Ideally, science is…

A

Objective

33
Q

List two methods science uses to be self-correcting.

A

Peer review, reproducibility

34
Q

List the two main types of scientific research.

A

Basic and applied

35
Q

In biology, basic research…

A

Studies how life functions

36
Q

In biology, applied research…

A

Uses information to achieve a practical benefit or purpose

37
Q

A scientific theory is used to express…

A

Ideas of which scientists are most certain.

BIOL 1105 (21 decks)

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