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BIOL 1105 > 2: Introduction to Biology > Flashcards

2: Introduction to Biology Flashcards

Module 1, Lesson 2

1
Q

Biology is…

A

The study of living systems

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2
Q

True or false:

Biology is an interdisciplinary field.

A

True

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3
Q

Living systems are extremely ____.

A

Diverse

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4
Q

Living systems share many ____.

A

Fundamental similarities

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5
Q

Life is constrained by ____ and ____ principles.

A

Chemical and physical

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6
Q

The most complex chemical systems on earth are…

A

Living systems

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7
Q

List the fields involved in studying living systems.

(four)

A

Chemistry, physics, mathematics, statistics

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8
Q

The chemical, structural, and functional complexity of organisms always requires ____.

A

Energy

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9
Q

____ is usually the ultimate source of energy for living things.

A

The Sun

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10
Q

Understanding the fundamentals of ____ is important to studying living organisms.

A

Chemistry

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11
Q

List the five characteristics of living systems.

A
  1. Consists of cells
  2. Stores and processes information
  3. Transform energy
  4. Grow and reproduce
  5. Adapt and evolve
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12
Q

____ are the fundamental unit of life.

A

Cells

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13
Q

Cells vary in ____, ____, and ____.

A

Shape, size, and complexity

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14
Q

A cell’s structure is connected to its…

A

Function

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15
Q

Living systems store information in the form of…

A

DNA or RNA

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16
Q

DNA is an organism’s genetic information and represents the organism’s…

A

Genome

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17
Q

Living systems can detect and process information from both ____ and ____ sources.

A

Internal and external

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18
Q

In response to the information, an organism can…

A

Respond or change its behavior

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19
Q

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms convert sunlight into…

A

Chemical energy

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20
Q

Non-photosynthetic organisms use the chemical energy from plants and turn it into…

A

Another chemical form

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21
Q

All living systems depend on ____ energy either directly or indirectly.

A

Solar

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22
Q

Living systems use energy to…

(three items)

A

Grow, change, and reproduce

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23
Q

Living systems grow and reproduce on both the ____ and ____ level.

A

Cellular and organismal

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24
Q

True or false:

All life has the ability to grow in size and pass genetic information on to its offspring.

A

True

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25
Q

True or false:

All organisms interact with other organisms and the environment in ways that influence their survival.

A

True

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26
Q

Populations evolve ____ to their environment.

A

Adaptations

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27
Q

True or false:

An individual organism can evolve.

A

False

Individuals do not evolve, but their descendants do.

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28
Q

The entire field of biology is influenced by Charles Darwin’s theory of…

A

Evolution by natural selection

29
Q

An organism’s observable features are its…

A

Phenotype

30
Q

An organism’s genetic information is its…

A

Genotype

31
Q

An organism’s phenotype may be influenced by its…

A

Environment

32
Q

Classification enables ____ between biologists.

A

Communication

33
Q

The classification system has traditionally been heavily influenced by an organism’s…

A

Phenotype

34
Q

The classification and naming of organisms is called…

A

Taxonomy

35
Q

____ examines evolutionary relationships between organisms.

A

Systematics

36
Q

We use a binomial classification system in which each organism has both a ____ and ____ name.

A

Genus and species

37
Q

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is called a…

A

Species

38
Q

A ____ is a group of very closely related organisms.

A

Genus

39
Q

The binomial naming system was developed by…

A

Carolus Linnaeus

40
Q

Names in the binomial naming system are usually…

A

Latin or Latinized

41
Q

List the taxonomic ranks in order.

(eight)

A
  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species
42
Q

The more closely related two organisms are, the more ____ they will have in common.

A

Taxonomic ranks

43
Q

All organisms descend from a…

A

Common ancestor

44
Q

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms is called…

A

Phylogenetics

45
Q

A diagram showing the deduced evolutionary relationships between organisms is called a…

A

Phylogenetic tree

46
Q

Phylogenetic trees can show the evolutionary ____ and ____ between organisms.

A

Conservation and connection

47
Q

There are ____ domains of life.

A

Three

48
Q

List the three domains of life.

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukaryota
49
Q

Bacteria and archaea are considered…

A

Prokaryotes

50
Q

Organisms with no membrane bound compartments in their cells are called…

A

Prokaryotes

51
Q

Organisms whose cells contain membrane-bound compartments are called…

A

Eukaryotes

52
Q

True or false:

All eukaryotes are multicellular.

A

False

Eukaryotes can be either unicellular or multicellular

53
Q

All prokaryotes are…

A

Unicellular

54
Q

Our common ancestor is believed to have existed around…

A

3.5 billion years ago

55
Q

Cells were discovered in 1665 by…

A

Robert Hook

56
Q

List the three main components of cell theory.

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest units of life
  3. Cells arise only from preexisting cells
57
Q

List the hierarchy of structures in a cell.

(five items)

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
58
Q

____ are the smallest stable component of a cell.

A

Atoms

59
Q

In eukaryotic cells, macromolecules assemble…

A

Organelles

60
Q

In prokaryotic cells, macromolecules assemble…

A

Directly within the cell

61
Q

List the hierarchy of an organism.

(five items)

A
  1. Cell
  2. Tissue
  3. Organ
  4. Organ system
  5. Organism
62
Q

List the hierarchy of a biosphere.

(five items)

A
  1. Cell / Organism
  2. Population
  3. Community
  4. Ecosystem
  5. Biosphere
63
Q

A group of organisms of the same species in a certain location is called a…

A

Population

64
Q

A group of different species in the same place is called a…

A

Community

65
Q

A community of organisms plus their physical environment forms an…

A

Ecosystem

66
Q

All ecosystems can be combined into a “planet ecosystem” or…

A

Biosphere

67
Q

A property that results from the interaction of components is called an…

A

Emergent property

68
Q

True or false:

An emergent property can be deduced by looking at the parts of the whole.

A

False

BIOL 1105 (22 decks)

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