4: Biological Macromolecules Flashcards
Module 1, Lesson 4
A cell is about ____% water and ____% macromolecules.
70% ; 26%
Most macromolecules in a cell are…
Proteins
Which element makes up the framework for biological molecules?
Carbon
Which elements do carbon atoms form chemical bonds with?
(six)
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Phosphate
- Sulfur
List the seven major types of functional groups.
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Methyl
- Phosphate
Sulfhydryl groups are only found in…
Proteins
Methyl groups are only found in…
Proteins
Phosphate groups are only found in…
Nucleic acids
Which functional groups do carbohydrates contain?
(two)
Hydroxyl and carbonyl
Which functional groups do proteins contain?
(five)
- Hydroxyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Methyl
Which functional groups do lipids contain?
(two)
Hydroxyl and carboxyl
Which functional groups do nucleic acids contain?
(four)
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Amino
- Phosphate
List the four main types of biological macromolecules.
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
- Lipids
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Energy storage and structural support
What are the functions of proteins?
Enzyme production and structural support
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Store and express genetic information
What are the functions of lipids?
Energy storage, membrane structure, and cell communications
Carbohydrates are assembled from…
Monosaccharides
Proteins are assembled from…
Amino acids
Nucleic acids are assembled from…
Nucleotides
Lipids are assembled from…
Fatty acids
With the exception of lipids, biological macromolecules are often called…
Polymers
Carbohydrates contain a 1-2-1 ratio of ____, ____, and ____.
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates are sometimes referred to as…
“Simple sugars”
Monosaccharides usually contain between ____ and ____ carbons.
3 - 6
Linear molecules that can form a ring shape in solution are called…
Monosaccharides
In monosaccharides, covalent bonds are formed between the ____ group, ____, and ____.
Hydroxyl, carbon, and oxygen
The alpha and beta forms of monosaccharides result from…
Different positions of the hydroxyl group bound to a carbon atom
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures are termed…
Isomers
____ is a structural isomer of glucose.
Fructose
____ is a stereo isomer of glucose.
Galactose
True or false:
Cells view each isomer as a distinct sugar.
True