14: Mitosis Flashcards
Module 3, Lesson 3
List the two main goals of cellular reproduction.
- Pass on genetic information to daughter cells
- Pass on enough cell components for the daughter cells to survive
Prokaryotes reproduce by…
Binary fission
List the three main steps of binary fission.
- Circular chromosome is replicated
- The cell elongates
- A septum forms at the midline and separates the cell
Which organelles in eukaryotes also reproduce by binary fission?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Eukaryotes reproduce by…
Mitosis and cytokinesis
Eukaryotic reproduction relies on temporary…
Cytoskeletal machines
____ is a form of nuclear division in which the cell’s genome is passed on to two daughter cells.
Mitosis
The ____ is a protein machine made from microtubules that is integral to mitosis.
Mitotic spindle
What is the function of the mitotic spindle?
Aligns and separates chromosomes into the daughter cells
The division of a cell’s cytoplasm is called…
Cytokinesis
True or false:
The process of mitosis is similar in all eukaryotic cells.
True
True or false:
The process of cytokinesis is similar in all eukaryotic cells.
False
The biggest differences are between animal and plant cells.
In animal cells, the cytoplasm is split using an actin-based structure called a…
Contractile ring
In plant cells, the cytoplasm is separated by the formation of a…
Cell plate
In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into linear, discrete molecules called…
Chromosomes
True or false:
The number of chromsomes in an organism is correlated to the organism’s complexity.
False
Because a single chromosome can contain a large number of genes, gaining or losing a chromosome…
Is usually fatal to the cell
The array of chromosomes in a species or individual is called the…
Karyotype
A cell containing the complete set of chromosomes needed to define its species is called…
Haploid
(denoted n or 1n)
A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes is considered…
Diploid
(denoted 2n)
In humans, a haploid set is ____ chromsomes, and a diploid set is ____.
23 ; 46
True or false:
Most human cells are diploids.
True
a major exception being the gametes (egg and sperm cells)
The two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell are called…
Homologues
Each chromosome in a pair is called a…
Homolog
Prior to replication, each homologous chromosome is made of…
A single DNA molecule
The “point of constriction” in a chromosome is called the…
Centromere
A complex of proteins that enables the chromosome to attach to the mitotic spindle is called the…
Kinetochore
After replication, each chromosome is made of 2 identical DNA molecules called…
Sister chromatids
Each sister chromatid has its own ____ and ____.
Centromere and kinetochore
Sister chromatids are held together by…
Cohesin proteins
(yes I spelled that right)
Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of a complex of DNA and protein called…
Chromatin
True or false:
Each chromosome is a single, continuous DNA molecule.
True
If the DNA from all chromosomes in a single human were stretched out, it would be ____ long.
6 feet
List the two main types of DNA (chromatin) found in the nucleus.
- Heterochromatin
- Euchromatin
The DNA in heterochromatin is…
Tightly packaged and cannot be expressed.
The DNA in euchromatin is…
Loosely packaged and able to be expressed
Genes are located in the…
Euchromatin
Proteins that interact with DNA to form chromatin are critical to…
DNA packaging