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Hazmat For 1st Responders > 9 Decontamonation > Flashcards

9 Decontamonation Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that goes into hot zone must be what before leaving

A

Deconed before leaving

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2
Q

Basic Decon principals

A

Get it off,
keep it off
Contain it, prevent cross contamination.

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3
Q

Before initiating Decon, the answers to these questions should first be answered.

A

Do victims need immediate Decon or can they wait
Is it safe to Decon
Any alternative Decon methods
Adequate resources available if not, get here in time
Timeline for Decon before victims deteriorate
Is equipment worth Decon or just throw it out

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4
Q

Emergency Decon

A

Immediate Decon for potentially life threatening, w.o establishment of Decon corridor

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5
Q

Mass Decon

A

Decon large numbers as fast as possible

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6
Q

Technical Decon

A

Planned and systematic reducing to as low as reasonably achievable
Usually in support of recon and operations. Detailed, soap water or additional substances or effort

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7
Q

Four broad Decon categories

A

Wet
Dry
Physical
Chemical

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8
Q

Most simple method of Decon

A

Removing outer clothing or ppe

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9
Q

Mass Decon usually uses What to Decon

A

Water or soap mix

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10
Q

Dry Decon

A

Scraping brushing absorption

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11
Q

Methods for dry Decon

A

Removing clothing or outer layers, evaporation, vacuum, brushing, scraping, using tacky surface to recover substance

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12
Q

Dry method can remove liquid by using absorption

A

Clay, sawdust, flour, dirt, fullers earth,Matisse paper, charcoal, silica gel, sponges, paper towels

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13
Q

Physical Decon

A

Removal of material without changing chem properties, it’s then contained for disposal
Dilution, absorption brush scrape, evap, isolate, was etc

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14
Q

Chemical Decon methods

A

Make material less harmful by changing it.

Sanitize with bleach, chem degradation, sterilization, sanitation, disinfect, neutralization, solidifying.

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15
Q

General Decon guidelines

A 
Tech Decon before hot zone ops
Begin mass Decon quickly
Ppe
Avoid contact with material or victims
Decon may begin with division of ambulatory/not male/ female
Assess hot zone victims for Decon need before moving to cold zone
Clearly designated Decon entry points
More clothing remove, better
Responders separate Decon from victims
Medical triage outside at end of Decon 
Privacy
Warm water for washing
Preserve and record victim belongings
Provide clean clothes
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16
Q

Decon personnel must wear

A

Generally one level below the hot zone responders, sometimes first people running Decon are in same level as entry team

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17
Q

Transfer of hazmat to persons equipment and environment in greater than acceptable quantities

A

Contamination.

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18
Q

Where does triage take place

A

In Cold zone after Decon. Sometimes in hot zone prior to Decon in explosive type situation

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19
Q

Ambulatory

A

Can walk talk and understand directions

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20
Q

Factors influencing prioritiy of triage for ambulatory pt

A 
Serious medical symptoms
Victims closest to release
Exposure to hazmat
Evidence of contamination on them
Victims with musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries
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21
Q

Non ambulatory triage and Decon

A

May be more seriously injured than ambulatory. Left in place if not enough people to move them.

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22
Q

Dead victims

A

May need to be Deconed before going to ME. moved after all other victims are out.. Not moved until evidence and forensics is complete

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23
Q

Goal of emergency deco

A

Remove threatening contaminant as quickly as possible

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24
Q

Instances where emergency Decon is needed

A

Failure of ppe
Accidental contamination of responders
Heat illness or other injury in hot zone
Immediate medical attn required

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25
Q

Limitations of emergency Decon

A

All contaminants may not be removed
More thorough Decon deeded
May harm environment.

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26
Q

Advantages of emergency Decon

A

Fast to implement
Minimal equipment usually just water from hose
Quick contamination reduction
No formal Decon corridor

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27
Q

Technical Decon may be used on victims in what situation

A

Non life threatening

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28
Q

Operational level responders in technical Decon must do so under the supervision of

A

Hazmat tech, sop, allied proffessional

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29
Q

During technical Decon ops, operational level responders will typically act as follows

A 
Protect using ppe
Establish water supply
Set up Decon corridor
Establish perimeters 
Physical Decon activities, scrub wash etc
Assist undress and remove ppe
30
Q

Technical Decon usually takes place within

A

An established corridor

31
Q

Many absorbents are

A

Inexpensive and readily available but expensive to dispose of. Work well on flat surfaces

32
Q

Adsorption

A

Hazmat interacts or bind to material. Activated charcoal. Tend not to swell. But be compatible to avoid chem rxn

33
Q

Brushing and scaling is usually used before

A

Other types of Decon

34
Q

Chemical degradation

A

One chem to alter the chem structure of another. Ex bleach for bio

35
Q

Materials commonly used for chem degradation not on living tissue

A 
Bleach- sodium hypochlorite 
Isopropyl alcohol 
Hydrated lime- calcium oxide 
Household drain cleaner- sodium hydroxide
Baking soda- sodium bicarbonate
Liquid detergent
36
Q

Dilution

A

Using water to dissolve water soluble hazmat

37
Q

Evaporation

A

Decon by Wait long enough for chem to evap

38
Q

Isolation and disposal

A

Collecting contaminated clothing or items and supposing of

39
Q

Neutralization

A

Changing PH of corrosive my bringing it closer to 7. Not to be done on living tissue.

40
Q

Sanitation

A

Reduces number of microorganism a to safe level, washing hands with soap

41
Q

Disinfection

A

Kills most microorganisms. Antiseptics, bleach

42
Q

Sterilization

A

Kills all microorganisms present. Chem, heat, autoclave. Usually done later, impractical on site

43
Q

Solidification

A

Hazardous liquid chem treated to turn into solid

44
Q

Vacuuming

A

Use vacuum and hepa to filter

45
Q

Washing

A

Same as dilution except uses soap to make chem more soluble

46
Q

Monitoring should be conducted to determine if Decon is

A

Working effectively

47
Q

Mass Decon

A

Rapidly removing or reducing contaminants from multiple persons in potentially life threatening situations.

48
Q

When is mass Decon initiated

A

When the number of victims or time don’t allow establishment of in depth Decon

49
Q

Mass Decon can most readily accomplished with

A

Simple water shower system, high volume low pressure fog pattern, may be as long as 2-3 min

50
Q

It is recommended that victims going through mass Decon remove

A

Clothing down to underwear

51
Q

Advantages of mass Decon

A

Large number of people
Implemented quickly with limited resources
Reduces contamination quickly

52
Q

Limitations of mass Decon

A

Does not always fully Decon victim
Relies on victim cooperation
Contaminated runoff.

53
Q

Monitoring of victims for Decon efficacy is done

A

At the end of Decon, and should be sent thought again if ineffective.

54
Q

Decon site selection

Wind direction

A

Upwind

55
Q

Decon site selection

Weather

A

Site protected from wind, especially at end of corridor

Victims shielded from cold wind

56
Q

Decon site selection

Accessibility

A

Away from hazards but adjacent to hot zone but easily accessible

57
Q

Four crucial time periods for responders working to Decon

A

Travel time in hot zone
Time allotted in hot zone
Travel time back to Decon site
Decon time

58
Q

Decon site selection

Terrain and surface material

A

Flat or sloped toward hot zone for drainage to hot zone.

59
Q

Decon site details for terrain

A

Diving around site to prevent runoff
Hard nonporous surface
Impervious cover used if terrain isn’t suitable material
Technical Decon corridor should be sheared on the ground.

60
Q

Decon site selection

Lighting and electrical supply

A

Adequate lighting to prevent inj. Portable lighting uses if permanent lighting like streetlights or stadium lights aren’t good enough

61
Q

Decon site selection

Drains and waterways

A

Keep away from drains or waterways unless it’s closed system capable of being neutralized

62
Q

Decon site selection

Water supply

A

Water must be available for wet decon

63
Q

Establish Decon corridor before

A

Any hot zone work begins

64
Q

Factors to consider when setting up Decon corridors

Ensure privacy

A

Privacy for people going through corridors and disrobing.

65
Q

Factors to consider when setting up Decon corridors

Bag and tag clothing

A

Separate persona, effects in clear plastic bags, sealed with persons name on it or use numbers ticket system

66
Q

All bags containing contaminated clothing should remain where

A

Warm zone on contaminated side of Decon corridor

67
Q

Consideration should be taken to protect victims from cold if the temperature is below

A

64F

68
Q

Hazards of cold weather Decon

A

Ice forming, slippery ground, hypothermia

69
Q

Return of personal items may need to be conducted by whom

A

LE because of property issues involved.

70
Q

What is required for all persons exposed or potentially exposed to hazmat

A

Exposure records.

Hazmat For 1st Responders (12 decks)

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