9 Decontamonation Flashcards

(70 cards)

1
Q

Anything that goes into hot zone must be what before leaving

A

Deconed before leaving

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2
Q

Basic Decon principals

A

Get it off,
keep it off
Contain it, prevent cross contamination.

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3
Q

Before initiating Decon, the answers to these questions should first be answered.

A

Do victims need immediate Decon or can they wait
Is it safe to Decon
Any alternative Decon methods
Adequate resources available if not, get here in time
Timeline for Decon before victims deteriorate
Is equipment worth Decon or just throw it out

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4
Q

Emergency Decon

A

Immediate Decon for potentially life threatening, w.o establishment of Decon corridor

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5
Q

Mass Decon

A

Decon large numbers as fast as possible

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6
Q

Technical Decon

A

Planned and systematic reducing to as low as reasonably achievable
Usually in support of recon and operations. Detailed, soap water or additional substances or effort

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7
Q

Four broad Decon categories

A

Wet
Dry
Physical
Chemical

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8
Q

Most simple method of Decon

A

Removing outer clothing or ppe

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9
Q

Mass Decon usually uses What to Decon

A

Water or soap mix

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10
Q

Dry Decon

A

Scraping brushing absorption

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11
Q

Methods for dry Decon

A

Removing clothing or outer layers, evaporation, vacuum, brushing, scraping, using tacky surface to recover substance

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12
Q

Dry method can remove liquid by using absorption

A

Clay, sawdust, flour, dirt, fullers earth,Matisse paper, charcoal, silica gel, sponges, paper towels

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13
Q

Physical Decon

A

Removal of material without changing chem properties, it’s then contained for disposal
Dilution, absorption brush scrape, evap, isolate, was etc

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14
Q

Chemical Decon methods

A

Make material less harmful by changing it.

Sanitize with bleach, chem degradation, sterilization, sanitation, disinfect, neutralization, solidifying.

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15
Q

General Decon guidelines

A
Tech Decon before hot zone ops
Begin mass Decon quickly
Ppe
Avoid contact with material or victims
Decon may begin with division of ambulatory/not male/ female
Assess hot zone victims for Decon need before moving to cold zone
Clearly designated Decon entry points
More clothing remove, better
Responders separate Decon from victims
Medical triage outside at end of Decon 
Privacy
Warm water for washing
Preserve and record victim belongings
Provide clean clothes
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16
Q

Decon personnel must wear

A

Generally one level below the hot zone responders, sometimes first people running Decon are in same level as entry team

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17
Q

Transfer of hazmat to persons equipment and environment in greater than acceptable quantities

A

Contamination.

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18
Q

Where does triage take place

A

In Cold zone after Decon. Sometimes in hot zone prior to Decon in explosive type situation

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19
Q

Ambulatory

A

Can walk talk and understand directions

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20
Q

Factors influencing prioritiy of triage for ambulatory pt

A
Serious medical symptoms
Victims closest to release
Exposure to hazmat
Evidence of contamination on them
Victims with musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries
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21
Q

Non ambulatory triage and Decon

A

May be more seriously injured than ambulatory. Left in place if not enough people to move them.

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22
Q

Dead victims

A

May need to be Deconed before going to ME. moved after all other victims are out.. Not moved until evidence and forensics is complete

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23
Q

Goal of emergency deco

A

Remove threatening contaminant as quickly as possible

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24
Q

Instances where emergency Decon is needed

A

Failure of ppe
Accidental contamination of responders
Heat illness or other injury in hot zone
Immediate medical attn required

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25
Limitations of emergency Decon
All contaminants may not be removed More thorough Decon deeded May harm environment.
26
Advantages of emergency Decon
Fast to implement Minimal equipment usually just water from hose Quick contamination reduction No formal Decon corridor
27
Technical Decon may be used on victims in what situation
Non life threatening
28
Operational level responders in technical Decon must do so under the supervision of
Hazmat tech, sop, allied proffessional
29
During technical Decon ops, operational level responders will typically act as follows
``` Protect using ppe Establish water supply Set up Decon corridor Establish perimeters Physical Decon activities, scrub wash etc Assist undress and remove ppe ```
30
Technical Decon usually takes place within
An established corridor
31
Many absorbents are
Inexpensive and readily available but expensive to dispose of. Work well on flat surfaces
32
Adsorption
Hazmat interacts or bind to material. Activated charcoal. Tend not to swell. But be compatible to avoid chem rxn
33
Brushing and scaling is usually used before
Other types of Decon
34
Chemical degradation
One chem to alter the chem structure of another. Ex bleach for bio
35
Materials commonly used for chem degradation not on living tissue
``` Bleach- sodium hypochlorite Isopropyl alcohol Hydrated lime- calcium oxide Household drain cleaner- sodium hydroxide Baking soda- sodium bicarbonate Liquid detergent ```
36
Dilution
Using water to dissolve water soluble hazmat
37
Evaporation
Decon by Wait long enough for chem to evap
38
Isolation and disposal
Collecting contaminated clothing or items and supposing of
39
Neutralization
Changing PH of corrosive my bringing it closer to 7. Not to be done on living tissue.
40
Sanitation
Reduces number of microorganism a to safe level, washing hands with soap
41
Disinfection
Kills most microorganisms. Antiseptics, bleach
42
Sterilization
Kills all microorganisms present. Chem, heat, autoclave. Usually done later, impractical on site
43
Solidification
Hazardous liquid chem treated to turn into solid
44
Vacuuming
Use vacuum and hepa to filter
45
Washing
Same as dilution except uses soap to make chem more soluble
46
Monitoring should be conducted to determine if Decon is
Working effectively
47
Mass Decon
Rapidly removing or reducing contaminants from multiple persons in potentially life threatening situations.
48
When is mass Decon initiated
When the number of victims or time don't allow establishment of in depth Decon
49
Mass Decon can most readily accomplished with
Simple water shower system, high volume low pressure fog pattern, may be as long as 2-3 min
50
It is recommended that victims going through mass Decon remove
Clothing down to underwear
51
Advantages of mass Decon
Large number of people Implemented quickly with limited resources Reduces contamination quickly
52
Limitations of mass Decon
Does not always fully Decon victim Relies on victim cooperation Contaminated runoff.
53
Monitoring of victims for Decon efficacy is done
At the end of Decon, and should be sent thought again if ineffective.
54
Decon site selection | Wind direction
Upwind
55
Decon site selection | Weather
Site protected from wind, especially at end of corridor | Victims shielded from cold wind
56
Decon site selection | Accessibility
Away from hazards but adjacent to hot zone but easily accessible
57
Four crucial time periods for responders working to Decon
Travel time in hot zone Time allotted in hot zone Travel time back to Decon site Decon time
58
Decon site selection | Terrain and surface material
Flat or sloped toward hot zone for drainage to hot zone.
59
Decon site details for terrain
Diving around site to prevent runoff Hard nonporous surface Impervious cover used if terrain isn't suitable material Technical Decon corridor should be sheared on the ground.
60
Decon site selection | Lighting and electrical supply
Adequate lighting to prevent inj. Portable lighting uses if permanent lighting like streetlights or stadium lights aren't good enough
61
Decon site selection | Drains and waterways
Keep away from drains or waterways unless it's closed system capable of being neutralized
62
Decon site selection | Water supply
Water must be available for wet decon
63
Establish Decon corridor before
Any hot zone work begins
64
Factors to consider when setting up Decon corridors | Ensure privacy
Privacy for people going through corridors and disrobing.
65
Factors to consider when setting up Decon corridors | Bag and tag clothing
Separate persona, effects in clear plastic bags, sealed with persons name on it or use numbers ticket system
66
All bags containing contaminated clothing should remain where
Warm zone on contaminated side of Decon corridor
67
Consideration should be taken to protect victims from cold if the temperature is below
64F
68
Hazards of cold weather Decon
Ice forming, slippery ground, hypothermia
69
Return of personal items may need to be conducted by whom
LE because of property issues involved.
70
What is required for all persons exposed or potentially exposed to hazmat
Exposure records.