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Hazmat For 1st Responders > 1 Intro To Hazmat > Flashcards

1 Intro To Hazmat Flashcards

1
Q

OSHA reg in title 29 code of federal regulations (CFR) 1910.120

A

Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (HAZWOPER)

Paragraph q for awareness and operations level

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2
Q

Hazardous material

A

Any material or substance that poses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of persons and the environment if not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, transportation, use or disposal.

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3
Q

Dangerous goods

A

What hazmat is referred to in Canada and other countries

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4
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety and health administration

Federal agency that develops and enforces workplace safety standards

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5
Q

OSHA and epa require special training for first responders to hazmat,

A

HAZWOPER

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6
Q

Epa regulation in title 40 CFR 311, worker protection provides

A

Protection for responders in states not covered by osha

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7
Q

Standards of nfpa are not law and are only used if

A

Adopted by authority having jurisdiction AHJ

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8
Q

A first responder by law, the employer must meet hazwoper requirements true false

A

True

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9
Q

Nfpa 472 and HAZWOPER identifies two levels of training

A

Awareness and operations

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10
Q

Operations level

A

Training established by Oshawa allowing first responders to take defensive action at hazmat incidents

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11
Q

Nfpa 472 May be trained to core competency levels, operations core or beyond, operations mission specific. Some of the specifics competencies are

A 
Ppe
Mass Decon
Technical Decon 
Evidence preservation and sampling 
Product control
Air monitoring and sampling
Victim rescue and recovery
Response to illicit lab incidents
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12
Q

OSHA defines three levels above operations level

A

Hazmat tech
Hazmat specialist
On scene IC OIC

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13
Q

Nfpa 472 id’s five levels above operations level

A 
Hazmat tech plus three specialties 
Hazmat branch officer
Hazmat branch safety officer 
Hazmat IC
Private sector specialist employee
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14
Q

OSHA considered personnel trained to awareness and operations level to be

A

First responders

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15
Q

Nfpa 472 uses what word to refer to someone at the awareness level

A

Personnel as opposed to the Oshawa first responder title

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16
Q

Individuals trained to awareness level are first arriving to scene and are expected to assume what responsibilities at hazmat incident

A

Recognize presence of possible hazmat
Recognize type of container at site and material in it
Transmit info to appropriate or call for appropriate authority
Id actions to protect themselves and others
Establish scene control by isolating area and denying entry

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17
Q

Operations level includes awareness responsibilities plus

A

Id hazmat involved
Analyze incident to determine nature and extent of problem
Protect themselves, public, environment and property from release
Plan a response or defensive action to address problems
Implement planned response to mitigate or control release at safe dist
Evaluate progress of actions to ensure objectives are met

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18
Q

Operations can perform offensive actions with

A

Gasoline
diesel,
Natural gas
Lpg

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19
Q

Acute exposure

A

Single or several repeated exposures within short time period

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20
Q

Chronic exposure

A

Long term or reoccurring

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21
Q

Acute health effects

A

Show up in hours or days

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22
Q

Chronic health effects

A

Long term that take years to develop. Like cancer

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23
Q

The following have potential to cause harm TRACEM

A 
Thermal hazards
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological/biological
Mechanical
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24
Q

Chemical hazards

A 
Poison/toxin
Corrosives
Irritants
Convulsants
Carcinogens
Sensitizers/allergens
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25
Q

Oxidization

A

Chen process that occurs when substance combines with oxygen
Rust

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26
Q

Polymerization

A

Rxn where two or more molecules chemically combine forming larger molecules often violent rxn

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27
Q

Liquefied gas

A

When at charging pressure is partially liquified at 70 degrees f

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28
Q

Cryogen, sometimes called refrigerated liquefied gas

A

Turns into liquid at or below -130 f at 14.7 psi

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29
Q

Common cryogenics

A 
Liquid oxygen, LOX
nitrogen
Helium
Hydrogen
Argon
Liquified natural gas LNG
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30
Q

Fluorine is also a cryogenic, but has hazardous properties including

A

Corrosive, oxidizer and poison

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31
Q

Corrosive material,

A

Burn irritate or destroy skin and corrode steel

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32
Q

Cryo spills will

A

Boil and/or pool and turn into gas do vapor cloud

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33
Q

Anhydrous ammonia

A

Refrigerant in storage facilities, cold injuries, toxic, vapors can ignite

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34
Q

Molten aluminum. Is shipped in containers at over what temp

A

1300f

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35
Q

Dot defines elevated temp material as when offered for transportation or when done so in bulk it has one of following properties

A

Liquid phase at above 212f
Liquid phase with flashpoint at or above 100f and intentionally heated for transportation. Or is transported above flashpoint
Solid phase at or above 464f

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36
Q

Non ionizing radiation

A

Energy waves composed of electric and magnetic fields, visible light and radio waves

37
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Radiation that has enough energy to remove electrons form atoms causing chemical change in atom. Most dangerous to first responders

38
Q

Types of ionizing radiation

A

Alfa
Beta
Gamma
Neutron

39
Q

Alpha Rays

A

Energetic positively charged particles emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay that rapidly lose energy when passing through materials. Common with heaviest radioactive material like uranium

40
Q

Aloha particles are stopped by what but hazardous if

A

Stopped by human skin but harmful if inhaled or ingested

41
Q

Beta radiation

A

Fast moving positively or negatively charged electrons emitted from nucleus during radioactive decay. Tritium, carbon 14, strontium

42
Q

Beta particles can be stopped by skin or clothing but are hazardous because

A

They can be ingested or inhaled and they can travel up to 20’

43
Q

Gamma radiation

A

High energy photons often accompanying alpha and beta discharges, have neither charge or mass and are very penetrating. Potassium-40, cobalt-60, iridium-192, cesium-137.

44
Q

Gamma waves can pass through

A

The body, but absorbed by tissue, 2’ of concrete, several feet of earth, and up to around 2” of lead.

45
Q

Neutron radiation

A

Ultra high energy particles with physical mass but no charge. Mission creates it along with gamma.

46
Q

Contamination

A

Condition of impurity resulting from contact or mixture with foreign substance.

47
Q

Exposure

A

Contact with a substance by swallowing breathing or touching skin and eyes. May be acute, intermediate or chronic

48
Q

Contaminant

A

Any foreign substance that compromises the purity of something.

49
Q

Chronic radiation dose

A

Small amounts of radiation over long period of time. Body is better equipped for it than acute, has time to replace damaged or dead cells with new ones. Can also cause cancer

50
Q

Simple asphyxiants

A

Gasses displace oxygen, can dilute or displace O2 in body

51
Q

Chemical asphyxiants

A

Bro hint body from using oxygen. Cyanide or co

52
Q

Likelihood of adverse health from chemical exposure depends on

A

Toxicity of chemical
Pathway or route of exposure
Nature and extent of exposure
Personal susceptibility factors like age or illness

53
Q

Local toxic effect

A

Chen inj at site of contact

54
Q

Acid

A

Compound containing hydrogen that reacts with water to produce hydrogen ions. Compound with ph less than 7. From 0-6.9 ph

55
Q

Except liquid and gas fuels what composes the largest class by volume

A

Corrosives

56
Q

Corrosives are divided into two categories

A

Acids

Bases

57
Q

Bases are sometimes called

A

Alkalis

Caustics

58
Q

Hydrogen peroxide is neither

A

Acid or base

59
Q

Base

A

Ph of 8 to 14
Corrosive water soluble compound containing group forming hydroxide ions in water solution that reacts with acid to form a salt

60
Q

Way bases do damage

A

Breaks down fatty tissue and penetrates deep, tend to adhere to eye tissue. Not immediate pain, grease or slick skin because of fat breaking down

61
Q

Hydrochloric acid reacts with metal to form

A

Explosive hydrogen gas

62
Q

Acids and bases react violently when

A

Mixed with each other or water

63
Q

Irritants

A

Toxins that cause temporary but sometimes severe inflammation to soft tissues and mucous membranes

64
Q

Known or suspected carcinogens

A

Polyvinyl chloride PVC, benzene, asbestos, chlorinated hydrocarbons, arsenic, nickel, pesticides, plastics.

65
Q

Sensitizers

A

Chemicals that cause a developed allergic reaction after one or more exposures.

Latex, bleach, urushiol (poison ivy, oak, sumac)

66
Q

Rickettsias

A

Bacterial that live in gi tracts of anthropoids like ticks and felas. Smaller than most bacteria but larger than viruses. Can cause Rocky Mountain fever or typhus

67
Q

Infectious

A

Able to be transmitted to people

68
Q

Contagious

A

Readily transmissible infectious disease from close contact or proximity

69
Q

Biotoxins

A

Produced by living organisms, ricin, botulinum

70
Q

Two most common types of mechanical hazard is

A

Striking and friction

71
Q

Reactivity/instability

A

Ability of two or more chemicals to react and release energy and the ease at which the reaction takes place

72
Q

In hazmat situations, contact between skin and clothes can cause what type of injury

A

Friction

73
Q

An explosion can cause the following four hazards, (three mechanical one thermal)

A

Blast pressure, shock wave
Shrapnel, fragmentation
Seismic effect
Incendiary thermal effect

74
Q

5 routes of entry

A 
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin contact
Injection
Absorption
75
Q

Comprehensive environmental response compensation and liability act
(CERCLA)

A

U.S. law that created tax on the chemical and petroleum industries and provided broad federal authority to respond to releases or threats of release of hazardous substances that threaten public health or environment. Often called the superfund. Tax went to trust fund to pay for cleaning up abandoned or uncontrolled haz waste sites

76
Q

Four main agencies regulating hazmat

A

Department of transportation DOT
environmental protection agency EPA
department of labor DOL
Nuclear regulatory commission NRC

77
Q

CERCLA was responsible for what actions

A

Established prohibitions an requirements concerning closed and abandoned waste sites.
Provided liability of those who release was waste at the sites.
Trust fund to pay for cleanup when responsible party isn’t found

78
Q

Law authorizes two response actions for haz waste removal

A

Short term actions for release that require prompt response

Long therm remedial permanently reduce dangers from release that is hazardous but not immediately life threatening.

79
Q

SARA was responsible for what actions

A

Importance of permanent remedies and tech cleaning up haz waste
Consider standards and requirements fore clean up in other states
New enforcement authorities and settlement tools
Increased state involvement.
Increased focus on human health issues from release
Greater citizen participation on how to clean up
Increase trust fund to 8.5 billion

80
Q

Department of labor is responsible for

A

Overseeing us labor laws.

81
Q

Department of energy

A

Manages national nuclear research and defense programs including storage of high level nuclear waste

82
Q

Department of homeland security DHS has three missions

A

Prevent terror attack in us
Reduce terror vulnerability
Minimize damage from potential attacks and natural disaster.

83
Q

FEMA federal emergency management agency and coast guard USCG are located under what agency

A

Department of homeland security

84
Q

Consumer product safety commission CPSC

A

Oversees and enforces compliance with federal hazardous substance act. FHSA. requires household products with hazmat in them to have warning and use protection labels

85
Q

Department of defense explosives safety board, provides

A

Oversight on dev, manufacture, testing, maintaining, demilitarization, handling, storage , transport of explosives and chemical agents

86
Q

Alcohol tobacco firearms and explosives ATF

A

Enforces federal law concerning that stuff. Including arson.

87
Q

Department tent of justice. DOJ

A

Assigns responsibility for operational response to terrorism to fbi
FBI investigates theft of hazmats
Evidence collection
Prosecutes criminal violations of hazmat law and regulation

88
Q

Records have shown majority of hazmat incidents involve the following products

A

Flammable combustible liquid, petroleum prod, paint prod, resin, adhesives
Corrosives, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Sodium hydroxide
Anhydrous ammonia
Chlorine

89
Q

Stats show majority of incidents occur in transport and of those the majority are

A

On the highway

Hazmat For 1st Responders (12 decks)

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