10 Product Control Flashcards
Spill control tactics are generally offensive in nature
True false
False, spill control is DEFENSIVE
Leak control tactics are used to control the product in
It’s original containers, preventing more from escaping.
True or false
Most leak control tactics are OFFENSIVE
True, leak control is OFFENSIVE. is generally performed by hazmat techs and specialists
Fire control tactics are aimed at
Extinguishing fire and preventing ignition of flammable materials.
Are fire control tactics offensive or defensive
They may be either depending on situations
AHJ
Authority holding jurisdiction.
Main priority of spill control
Confinement and prevention of further contamination or contact
Spill control is often just called
Confinement
Some spill control tactics, such as neutralization and dispersion minimize
Minimize The amount of harm caused by contact with the hazmat
Spill control tactics are used to
Control liquids already released form containers
Spills may involve what state of substances
Solid, liquid, gasses
What determines the type of defensive measure used to control a leak
The way the hazmat is dispersed
Methods of confinement
Damming, diking, catching material in a container, directing or diverting flow to location for collection
Before suing equipment to confine, the IC must seek information from
A technical source to determine if spilled materials will adversely affect the equipment
Spill control is not limited to liquids, it can be used for
Dust. Vapors. Gasses
Operations level responders are expected to take protective actions in a leak but not
Not to physically stop the release unless it can be done from a safe location using remote or valve shut off
Defensive spill control actions that confine hazmat include
Absorption. Adsorption Blanketing covering Dam, dike, divert, retain Vapor suppression
Rather than confining the dispersion, some defensive spill tactics are aimed at reducing
The amount of harm caused, by diluting the material or changing it characteristics or properties
Tactics to reduce the amount of harm from a release
Vapor dispersion Ventilation Dispersion Dilution Dissolution Neutralization
Neutralization is considered what level tactic
Technician level offensive tactic
Adsorbents are typically used to control
Shallow liquid spills
Blanketing or covering is
Covering surface of material like dust or powder to prevent dispersion. Tarps, plastic sheets, salvage covers. Foam
Covering or blanketing may be used as a temporary form of mitigation for what type of hazmat
Radioactive and biological substances
Blanketing of liquids is essentially the same as vapor control because
It uses aqueous film forming foam to cover the substance
Operational level responders may or may not be able to use blanketing because
If nature of hazmat, distance, nature of incident, safety margin
To divert, dam dike or retain, responders can use what
Available earthen materials or materials carried on vehicles
Vapor suppression is the action taken to
Reduce the emission of vapors from a hazmat
If the foam is compatible with the material, firefighting foam is effective on spills of
Flammable and combustible liquids
Class b foam
Used in un ignited or ignited flammable or combustible liquids
AFFF is not capable of extinguishing
Polar solvent (alcohol type) liquids. ARFFF is used. Alcohol resistant film forming foam.
Fluoroprotein foam
Derived from protein foam concentrates with fluorochemical surfactants are added. High heat resistant and water retention. Low viscosity at low temp. Compatible with dry chem.
AFFF
Aqueous film forming foam. Fresh or salt water. Lee mix able in fire extinguishers. Surface injection. Penetrating. Compatible with dry chem. Fast draining. Less effective as alcohol content is increased in fuel.
ARFFF works by
Creating an alcohol resistant membrane between fuel and foam.
High expansion foam
Low water content, reduce water damage.
High expansion foam thee basic applications
Concealed spaces- ship compartments, basements, coal mines
Fixed extinguishing systems- aircraft hangars
Class a fire application, slow draining.
Characteristics of high expansion foam.
Poor heat resistance
Expansions range from 200-1,000:1 high expansion
20-200:1 for medium expansion
Foam drainage time
Time needed for 25 percent of total liquid solution to drain from foam.
All class b foams can be used for vapor suppression and firefighting except
Special foams for acid and alkali spills
All foams except ________ should be applied onto the ground at the edge of a spill or gently rolled on, rather than plunged directly into the spill.
All foams except fluoroprotein, used for surface injection
Bank down foam application
Banked off an object to apply foam.
Rain down foam
Foam sprayed into air in fog pattern. Drops rain down
Foam cannot seal vapors of liquids that are doing what
Boiling, must be below boiling temp
Vapor dispersion
The action taken to direct or influence the course of airborne hazmat
Hose streams
After using hose streams to vapor dispersion what must be done
Confine and analyze run off for possible contamination.
The same smoke removal methods for firefighting can be used for
Venting of hazmat
When using negative pressure ventilation for hazmat what considerations must be made
Hazmat is Compatible with fan and explosion proof equipment
More effective and safer means of fan ventilation
Positive pressure
Dispersion involves
Breaking up or dispersing has at that has spilled on a solid or liquid surface
Dilution
Application of water to water-soluble material to reduce the hazard. Rarely practical for spill control. Most used for Decon
Dissolution
Dissolving a gas in water. Only used on water soluble gasses such as anhydrous ammonia or chlorine. Fog stream toward breech in container or on spill.
Goal of leak control
Stop or limit escape, or contain release in original container or by transferring to a new one. Aka containment
Leak control and containment are generally considered what type of actions
Offensive. Technician level unless done at safe distance and with remote or valve.
Leak control generally requires a person to enter what zone
Hot zone
Fire control
Strategy of minimizing damage harm and effect of fire at hazmat incident
If the product of combustion is less hazardous than the leaking chemical, or if extinguishment efforts will place firefighters at unreasonable risk, the best course of action is
Protect exposures and allow fire to burn out fuel.
During a hazmat fire if there is risk of catastrophic failure, explosions or Bleve or if resources needed are unavailable, the best course of action is
Withdrawal
During a Bleve risk, water should be directed on the tank how
Where flame directly impinges tank and over the top vapor space, allowing water to run down and cool tank. Supports under tank cooled to prevent collapse
Intensity of sound or fire issuing from relief valve indicates
Pressure increasing inside, failure may be imminent.
Gas fed fires around leaking pipes or relief valves should
Not be extinguished unless the leak can be controlled by shut of valve or stopping supply
When after streams are being used to contain has releasing under pressure how should the water be flowed
The stream must exceed the mass and velocity of the escaping gas, and in a manner that disrupts or breaks up the escaping gas.
involves raising or lowering the pH of corrosive materials to render them at pH 7. However, the term can be applied to any chemical reaction that reduces the hazard of the material.
Neutralization
the molecules of the hazardous material physically adhere to the control material rather than being drawn into the inner spaces of the control material.
Adsorption
a physical and/or chemical event occurring during contact between materials that have an attraction for each other. This event results in one material being retained within the other. The bulk of the material being retained enters the cell structure of the control medium
Absorption
