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Hazmat For 1st Responders > 7 Terrorist Attacks, Criminal Activites, Disaster > Flashcards

7 Terrorist Attacks, Criminal Activites, Disaster Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional terrorist tactics

A

Assassination, armed assault, bombing.

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2
Q

Wmd

A

Mass casualty using toxic or poison chem, disease/ bio, radiological

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3
Q

Wmd threat mostly comes from

A

Established nations with structures and resources to manufacture, not terrorists

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4
Q

Possible wmd types

A 
Explosives 
Bio toxins- ricin
Industrial chemicals
Bio pathogens- plague
Radiological- dirty bomb
Military grade chem weapons
Nuclear weapons
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5
Q

Greatest wmd threat

A

Explosives, weapon of choice

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6
Q

Responders are most like to encounter what type of explosive

A

IED improvised explosive device

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7
Q

Shock front

A

Boundary between pressure disturbance, created by explosion, and ambient atmosphere water or earth

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8
Q

Blast pressure wave

A

Shock wave from rapidly expanding gas in explosion. 13,000 mph

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9
Q

Two phases to explosion blast pressure wave

A

Positive pressure and negative pressure phase.

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10
Q

Positive pressure blast phase

A

Shock front leads, outward force

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11
Q

Negative pressure blast phase

A

Suction phase. Displaced air rushes in to fill vacuum left at center of explosion. Lasts three times longer than positive. Less damaging.

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12
Q

Detonation

A

Supersonic thermal decomposition accompanied by shockwave. Explosion where Energy travels faster than sound

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13
Q

High explosives

A 
Detonation. 3300-29,900 fps plastic explosives 
Ntg
Tnt
Blasting caps
Dynamite
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil. Anfo
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14
Q

Low explosives

A

Fast decomposition but not explosive effect unless confined. Commonly used as propellants in small spaces, bullets, fire works

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15
Q

Deflagration

A

Fast burning, black powder

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16
Q

Primary explosives

A

Heat sensitive, easily initiated, used as detonators.
Lead azide
Mercury fulminate
Lead styphnate

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17
Q

Secondary explosives

A

Detonate under specific circumstances, usually activated by primary explosives. Less sensitive to stimuli
Tnt

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18
Q

Tertiary explosives (blasting agents)

A

Very insensitive based on ammonium nitrate. Secondary activation.

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19
Q

Key differences for terror attacks

A

Intent- try to inflict mass harm.
Severity and complexity- mass casualties, possible radiological
Crime scene management- preserve evidence
Command structure- unified command, law enforcement in charge
Secondary/ armed resistance- weapons booby traps, targeted responders

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20
Q

First responders are most likely to encounter what type of explosive

A

Improvised. Or homemade

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21
Q

Two types of peroxide based explosives

A 
Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine HMTD
acetone peroxide (triacetonetriperoxide TATP)
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22
Q

Peroxide based explosives are made by mixing

A

Acetone, concentrated hydrogen peroxide, and either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid

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23
Q

Potassium chloride is 83% the power of tnt. It can be found

A

In fireworks, chemical supply houses, printing, dying, steel, weed killer, matches.

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24
Q

Urea nitrate

A

Concentrated urine or urea and nitric acid, sulfuric acid used in processing.

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25
Q

Ied types

A 
Vehicle
Pipe bomb
Backpack/ suitcase etc
Person Bourne 
Mail package or letter
Plastic bottle
Fireworks
M bombs (m80)
12 gram co2 bombs (crickets)
Tennis ball
Other
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26
Q

Concerning signs toward ID ieds

A

Containers with unknown liquids
Attached devices, circuit boards, wires cell phones
Devises containing quantities of fuses, fireworks, match heads, black powder, etc
Fragmentation surrounding objects, like nails bolts or ball bearing
Blasting caps, detcord, commercial or military explosives

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27
Q

Signs of suicide bomber,

A

Nervousness or anxious behavior pertains to their clothes and movement
Bulky chest or belt areas
Unreasonable attire, like a coat in summer
Exposed wires

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28
Q

Fbi ALERT possible bomber

A 
Alone and nervous
Lose bulky clothing
Exposed wires, maybe in sleeve 
Rigid midsection 
Tightened hands (holding trigger)
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29
Q

First priority after suspected bomber is incapacitated or killed

A

Do not approach, clear and isolate, observe at distance

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30
Q

Within 300’ of suspected explosive or vehicle ied, what shouldn’t be used

A

Radios, cell phones, mobile data terminals,

possible trigger frequency

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31
Q

Two types of chemicals used in chem attacks

A

Chemical warfare/ chemical agents

And toxic industrial materials TIMs

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32
Q

Types of chemical agents

A 
Nerve
Blister (vesicants)
Blood (cyanide)
Choking (pulmonary)
Riot control (irritants)
Toxic industrial material TIM
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33
Q

Although sometimes called nerve gas, nerve agents are actually

A

Liquid at room temp and are aerosolized for use. Generally clear and odorless

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34
Q

Tabun

A

Nerve, low volatility, persistent, skin or inhaled

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35
Q

Sarin

A

Nerve, volatile, non persistent, inhaled

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36
Q

Soman

A

Nerve, moderately volatile, absorb or inhale

37
Q

Cyclohexyl sarin

A

Nerve, low volatility, persistent, skin, inhale

38
Q

V agent, VX

A

Nerve, low volatility, persistent, remains on things long time.
Skin, inhalation,

39
Q

Nerve agents have low vapor pressure and therefore

A

Will not travel far

40
Q

Blister agents act upon

A

Eyes, mucous membranes, lungs, skin, blood forming organs

41
Q

Blister agents are more likely to produce what in a population

A

More Casualties than fatalities

42
Q

Blister agents are persistent and may take

A

Weeks to evaporate

43
Q

Blister agent groups

A 
Mustard
  Sulfur
  Nitrogen
Arsenical vesicants
  Lewisite 
  Mustard/ lewisite mix
  Phenyldichloroarsine
Halogenated oximes
  Phosgene oxime
44
Q

Blood agents are

A

Chemical asphyxiants, physically interfering with cell ability to use or carry O2

45
Q

Blood agents are sometimes classed the same as cyanogen agents, however

A

Not all are cyanogens, Arsine is not

46
Q

Arsine

A

Blood, arsenic and acid

47
Q

Hydrogen cyanide

A

Blood, high volatility, flammable, soluble. Less dense than air, bitter almonds

48
Q

Cyanogen chloride

A

Blood, high volatility, heavier than air, pungent, non persistent

49
Q

Choking agents

A

Chlorine, phosgene

50
Q

Chlorine

A

Choking, gas heavier than air. Pressurized liquid. Yellow green, reactive, not liquid long

51
Q

Phosgene

A

Choking, smells fresh cut hay- lethal smell. Most chem death in wwi. Gas at room temp, liquid under pressure or cool. Boiling point 48F, volatile. Heavier than air. Won’t remain liquid

52
Q

Riot control agents are all in what form

A

Solids requiring aerosolized

53
Q

Incapacitants

A

Riot control, Cns stim or suppressant

54
Q

Vomiting agent

A

Riot control,
Diphenylchlorasine
Diphenylaminearsine chloride
Diphenylcyracine

55
Q

Tim, toxic industrial material

A

Toxic industrial chem produced in quantities exceeding 30 tons per year at one facility. Greater threat than chemical warfare agents

56
Q

As provided by osha, TIMs are categorized:

A

High hazard, high toxic, easy vapor, widely produced
Medium hazard, high rank is some cat. Lower in others like physical state and tox
Low hazard, not a likely hazard unless operwtional factors indicate

57
Q

Primary objective at chemical attack

A

Do greatest good for greatest number

58
Q

UN/dot, classify bio agents and toxins under what hazard class

A

6.2

59
Q

Potential bio agents are divided into three classes

A

A, b, c

60
Q

Class a bio hazard

A

Easily disseminated to transferred
High mortality rate, public health risk
Cause Panic and social disruption
Special action for health preparedness

61
Q

Cat B bio hazards

A

Moderate dissemination
Moderate morbidity, low mortality
Enhance cdc diagnostic, and disease surveillance

62
Q

Category c bio hazards

A

Availability, ease of production and dissemination high mortality

63
Q

List of class c bio agents.

A 
Nipah virus
Hanta virus
Tickbourne hemorrhagic fever
Tick encephalitis
Yellow fever
Drug resistant TB
64
Q

How to tell Difference between chem and bio attack

A

Chem rapid onset symptoms, dead foliage and wildlife/ bugs

Bio, long onset, days, many people effected popping up

65
Q

Disease transmission methods

A 
Airborne 
Contact with droplets
Direct contact, with person
Indirect contact, with surfaces
Ingestion of food or water contaminated
Vectors- carrier animals
66
Q

Until the presence or nature of a bio attack pathogen is known a first responder should use what precautions

A

Universal precautions, once known, upgrade to necessary precautions

67
Q

Indoor bio attacks may be contained using these methods

A

Turn off vent systems
Close door windows
Turn off elevator
Seal ducts windows doors with tape plastic and foam

68
Q

Outdoor bio attacks can be contained using

A

Covering dispersal device
Decon agent with bleach and water
Secure device in sealed hazmat recovery bin

69
Q

Operations to ensure bio containment

A

Initial containment of affected persons
Decon victims
Register all involved for follow up

70
Q

Only way of confirming radiological incident

A

Monitoring equipment

71
Q

Radiation emitting device RED

A

Gamma emitting device in high profile area

72
Q

Radiological dispersal device RDD

A

Dispersal device of radioactive material

73
Q

Radiological dispersal weapons

A

Spreads radioactive material without explosives

Pressurized containers or vent systems.

74
Q

Improvised nuclear device

A

AkA nuclear device, nuclear weapons are country owned

75
Q

Improvised nuclear devices. INDs properly made have yields of .

A

10-20 kilotons

76
Q

Nuclear attacks are impeded because

A

Building one is difficult

They are heavy, hundreds of pounds to tons, suitcases are very difficult to make

77
Q

Suitcase bomb

A

Portable nuke 24x16x8” 0,5-2 kilotons- 6 mile square

78
Q

Radiological incidents generally start with local ICS but develop into

A

Unified command structure of multiple agencies and jurisdictions.

79
Q

Radiological incident tactics

A

Apparatus upwind
Secure area, no unauthorized access
Alert to small explosives to disseminate agent
Time, Distance and shielding protection
Ppe scba
Establish Background radiation level outside incident
Do no overhaul and clean up, preserve scene

80
Q

Time radiation protection

A

Decrease exposure time

81
Q

Distance radiation protection

A

Doubling distance decreases dose by factor of four. Covers more area, less potent, inverse square law

82
Q

Shielding, radiation protection

A

Put barrier between. Masonry buildings, 50 reduction in one story building, 90 percent below ground.

83
Q

ALARA as low as reasonably achievable method

A

Time distance shielding reduction method of exposure

84
Q

Rule of seven radiation exposure

A

0 hrs - 100
7 - 10
49 (2 days) - 1.0
343 (14 days)- 0.1

85
Q

Problems and hazards with illegal hazmat dumps

A

Unlabeled containers
Mixed chemicals
Aged chemicals
Environment contamination

86
Q

For criminal activities, law enforcement should be notified when

A

As soon as deemed crime

87
Q

Methods of evidence preservation

A 
Don't touch unless necessary 
Don't disturb area unless victim rescue
What scene looked like and details of progress
Document quickly
Photos 
document anything touched or moved
Minimize number of workers in area
Leave fatalities and area alone
Isolate and secure evidence areas
Evidence collection points
88
Q

Issues after natural disaster that may cause mis identification of materials

A

Missing placards

Hazmat For 1st Responders (12 decks)

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