6 Strategic Goals And Tactical Objectives Flashcards
Tactical objectives
Specific operations that must be accomplished to achieve strategic goals
Four step problem solving formula
George polya of Stanford university
1 understand problem
2 devise plan
3 Carey out plan
4 look back
Decision making models have more or less steps but always contain the four common elements of
Info gather or input
Process, analyze or plan
Implement or output
Review or eval
Key piece of info for hazmat incident mitigation
Identifying the hazmat
Info needed for hazard risk assessment
# and type of injuries Occupancy type Incident type Product and container info Location of incident Resources en route Time of day Weather
Local emergency response plan
Three levels of hazmat
Level I hazmat
Within capabilities of arriving agency with jurisdiction or initial arriving
Least serious
Evac limits to immediate area
May be life threatening but frequently not
Examples of level I hazmat
Domestic gas line leak
Broken containers of consumer commodities.
Level II hazmat
Beyond capability of first on scene, and maybe beyond the entire agency with jurisdiction.
May require the response of formal hazmat team
Examples of level II hazmat actions or tasks to be performed
Using chem clothing
Dike and confine, with contaminated areas
Plugging , patching, leak control
Sample and test unk substance
Different Decontamination methods and levels
Examples of level II hazmat incidents
Spill or leak with large scale Evac
Any major accident spill or overflow of flammable liquid
Spill or leak of unknown chem
Accident with extreme hazardous substances
Rupture of underground pipeline
Fire threatening bleve
Level III hazmat
Requires resources from state, federal, private agencies and requires unified command. Most serious
Possible large scale action.
Level iii hazmat procedures
Specialists
Sampling and monitoring equip
Special leak and spill control methods
Large scale decon
Examples of level III hazmat incidents
Evac across jurisdiction boundaries
Incidents beyond local hazmat team
Incidents that activate all or part of federal response plan.
Strategic goals must be selected based on the following criteria
Capability of achieving it
Ability to prevent further inj or death
Ability to reduce environment and property damage within constraints of safety, time, equip and personnel
A non intervention strategy allows the Incident to
Run its course on its own
Defensive strategy provides
Confinement through
Diking, damming, or diverting
Offensive strategy includes
Actions to control indictment such as plugging a leak
What is of primary importance when selecting a mode of operation
Safety of responders
Three indecent based elements that affect selection of strategic mode
Value
Time
Size
Incident based element Value
Priorities of life safety, stabilization, and property conservation.
Yes or no value
If yes, then how high is the value- save able life?
If no, non intervention or defensive strategy
Incident based element time
Limited opportunity to intervene before incident dramatically escalates
Incident based element size
Most frequently driven by need of protective action (Evac or pretext in place) a,lng with incident control ops
Non intervention is selected when one or more of the following exists
Called for based on ore incident plan
Situation is clearly beyond responder capability
Imminent explosions
Serious container dmg threatens massive release
In non intervention situations, responders should take the following actions
Withdraw to safe distance Report scene conditions Initiate IMS call for additional resources if needed Isolate and deny entry Evacuate where needed
Defensive operations
Confine emergency to given area without directly contacting hazmat involved
Defensive mode is selected when one or more of following exist
Called for based on pre incident plan
Responders have training and resources needed to confine indecent
In defensive ops, operational level responders should take following actions
Report conditions, initiate IMS, call for additional resources, Isolate and deny entry, establish and indicate boundaries, evacuate where needed. Control ignition sources Use right defense tactics Protect exposures Rescue where safe and appropriate Evaluate and report progress Decon procedures
Offensive operations
Aggressive, direct action on material, container etc. contact with material.
IAP
Incident action plan, thought out, organized events to address all phases of incident control in time
Large scale or complex incident require the creation and maintenance of
Written plan for each operational period
Incident action planning starts with
Strategy to achieve solution to problems
Once strategy has been selected, command staff need to select
Tactics, how where and when, to achieve strategy.
Tactics are measurable in
Both time and performance.
Elements of IAP
Strategies and objectives Situation summary Resource assessment Accomplishments Hazard statement Risk assessment Safety plan and message Protective measures Weather now and later Injury status Communication plan Medical plan
LERP
Local emergency response plan
Strategy is accomplished through
Tactics
Tactics are accomplished through
Tasks
Tactics related to controlling chem releases fall into two categories
Confinement (spill control)
Containment (leak control)
The majority of defensive spill control options are related to
Confinement.
The evaluation process is used to provide
Feedback of the tactics efficacy in achieving the strategy
Once resources have been committed to isolation, it is easier to reduce the perimeter size than
To extend it
Bigger is better
Hazard control zones
For major incident, three areas
Restricted- hot
Limited access- warm
Support- cold
Hazard control zones are aka
Site work zones according to Osha and epa
Aka scene control zones
Actions performed in hot zone
Rescue and leak control
Actions performed in warm zone
Safe refuge area and Decon corridor
Cold zone actions
Triage, tx, txt, support functions
Fbi establishes an evidence search perimeter of
1.5 times distance of farthest known piece of evidence
Hot zone aka
Exclusion zone
In Order to work in a hot zone, providers must
Have proper training and ppe
The hot zone extends far enough to
Prevent people outside from suffering ill effects
Warm zone aka
Contamination reduction zone
Or corridor
Buffer between hot and cold zone and is used for Decon
Warm zone
Decon usually takes place where
In warm zone, within a corridor
To gain access and egress through the hot zone travel through
Specified access points to ensure accountability
Ppe is normally required in the warm zone but sometimes may be
A reduced level from hot zone ppe
Cold zone aka
Support zone
The cold zone is used to
Carry out all logistical support functions
Although some people may want PPE in cold zone to assist evacuees in case of rapid hot zone expansion, generally people in cold zone
Do not have to wear ppe because the zone is considered safe
Staging area needs to be in
A safe area that doesn’t interfere with ongoing ops
Staging at terrorist incidents is usually spread out in multiple locations to
Reduce loss from secondary attack, provide more treatment points.
Aware es level actions at a hazmat may be as simple as
Dialing 911
Protection is the overall goal of
Ensuring safety of responders and public, but goals also include property and environment
Protection goals are accomplished through these tactics
Id and control substance Avoid contact with hazmat Maximize space between hazmat and people Ppe Time distance and shielding Rescues Shoring and stabilization at collapses Decon Medical care Ensure people upwind uphill upstream Evac or shelter in place
In addition to public safety tactics, providers will use these methods for protection too
Accountability Tracking people working Buddy or team system Safety officers Evac and escape procedures
One of most important IC functions is
Accountability and tracking personnel and equip
IAP must have accountability system that has the following elements
Check in procedure
Way Of ID and tracking all personnel
Procedure for releasing people and equipment no longer needed
What nfpa standard addresses accountability
Nfpa 1500 and 1561
Purpose of a buddy system
To provide rapid help for each other in emergency
In addition to buddy or team system who should be standing by
Backup personnel and minimum BLS crew for rescue assistance if needed
Minimum amount of people working in hazardous area or halt zone
4, two to work, two for backup
Backup wearing same ppe
Time
Limiting exposure time
Distance
Maximizing distance from incident
Shielding
Physical barrier between responder and hazard.
IC will select best protection option for public, Evac or defend in place or both, based on
Material considerations
Environmental and weather conditions
Population at risk
O perform an evacuation there must be enough time to
Warn people
Get ready
Leave u safe route
Best protective action for public if there is time
Evacuation
Evacuees should not be allowed to congregate on scene but should be sent
To designate area along safe route
Large scale evacuation presents many factors to be addressed by IC
Notification Transportation Relocation and temporary shelters Looting prevention Reentry
Strategic goal
Broad statements of desired achievements to control incident.
Deciding factors for shelter in place
Population is heathcare, detention, education and unable to Evac
Hazmat spreading too fast
Hazmat is too toxic to risk exposure
Vapors heavier than air, population is above it
Shelter in place is done where
In buildings, but a car will offer temporary refuge if windows are shut and air is closed
Protecting/defending in place
Offensive or active, aggressive posture to physically protect those in harms way
Rescue in hazmat can be a difficult strategy because
Because of the defensive nature of most operational levels.
First priority of IC
Emergency personnel safety
Factors affecting ability to rescue
Nature of incident or hazmat severity Training Ppe Monitoring equipment Number of victims and condition Time needed Equipment and tools needed
What type of tactic is exposure protection
Defensive
All released run off must be controlled how
Contained and confined until environmental impact is determined
Incident Recovery
Returning scene and responders to a pre incident state
Incident termination
Documenting incident for evaluation purposes
Major goals of recovery phase
Return operational are to safe condition
Debrief personnel before leaving
Return equipment and personnel to pre incident condition
Information to be obtained from responders during debriefing
Important observations
Actions taken
Timeline of actions
Hazardous communication briefing
Gathering info form personnel regarding signs and symptoms of overexposure. All responders must receive written facts and instructions regarding exposure.
Information provided to responders prior to leaving scene
Id of material Adverse effects from exposure Actions for further documentation Signs and symptoms of exposure Info regarding medical treatment Exposure documentation procedures
Operational recovery
Actions needed to return resources and equipment to pre incident status
In order to terminate an incident the IC must
Ensure all strategic goals are accomplished and requirements of law met. Documentation analysis and eval must be complete.
Incident termination phase involves two procedural actions
Critiques
After action analysis- study of all post incident reports
When should a hazmat critique occur
As soon as possible after incident
After action analysis compiles information obtained from
Debriefings, post incident reports, critiques
Recommendations for improvements based on after action analysis.
Operational weaknesses Training needs Procedural changes Additional resources needed Plan updates or changes
