2 Hazmat Identification Flashcards
Number of on scene decisions can be reduced by performing
Pre incident surveys
Pre incident surveys I’d the following
Exposures Type, quantity and location of hazmat Building features, fire suppression Site characteristics Egress access difficulties Limitations of hazmat incident control Contact information for owners and personnel
Terrorist attack def of harm
Killing or injuring Panic or disruption Economic damage Destroying property Demoralizing populace
Potential terrorist targets
Mass transit Critical infastructure Public assembly or recreation High profile buildings or locations Industrial sites Educational site Medical and science facilities
Packaging
Dot term to describe shipping containers and markings or placards
Type of containers categorized in following ways
Bulk and non bulk
Pressure and non pressure
Bulk capacity fixed facility containment systems and transport packaging
Bulk packaging
Packaging other than a vessel or barge where material is loaded in no intermediate for of containment. Portable tank, rail car, cargo tank. For liquid greater than 119 gal capacity. Max net mass greater than 882 lbs, and 119 gal for solids. Water capacity 1001 lbs or greater as receptacle for gas
Bulk capacity fixed facility container types
Buildings, machinery, above ground tanks, underground tanks, pipelines, reactors, open piles or bins, vats, storage cabinets, other fixed storage
Above Ground storage tanks divided into two categories
Non pressure tanks (atmospheric tanks)
Pressure tanks
Non pressure tanks(atmospheric tanks)
While storing, Amy have a little pressure inside up to 0.5 psi
Pressure tanks
Two categories
Low pressure, 0.5-15 psi
Pressure vessels above 15 psi
Cryogenic liquid storage tanks
Heavily insulated vacuum jacketed storing Cryo liquid with relief valves and rupture disks
Common types of atmospheric or non pressure tanks
Horizontal, ordinary cone roof, floating roof, lifter roof, vapor dome roof tanks
Intermodal container
Freight container designed for use interchangeably in two or more modes of transport
Three types of bulk transport containers
Tank cars (railroad)
Cargo tank trucks (highway)
Intermodal (marine, rail, road)
Some railroad bulk cars have capacities in excess of
30,000 gal
Pressure tanks are generally shaped how
With rounded tops or ends, domed or spherical
Tank car three main categories
Low pressure general service (aka non Pressure cars)
Pressure cars
Cryo liquid tank
Other types of rail cars
Hopper cars
Box cars
Flat cars with hazmat on top
Special service or specialized
Low pressure tank car, aka non pressure or general service cars
Vapor pressure below 25 psi at 105-115 F
Tank test pressures at 60 and 100 psi
Capacities 4,000-45,000 gal
Low pressure cars are shaped
Cylindrical with rounded ends (heads) and at least one man way to access interior
Fittings for loading and unloading, pressure etc visible at top and bottom.
Low pressure tanks may be divided up to
Six compartments each with potentially different materials at different volume and pressure with own tank fittings
Pressure tanks
25 psi or more at 68F
Flammable liquid, gas and poisons
Tank test pressures from 100-600 psi
Capacity 4,000-45,000 gal
Pressure tank appearance and config
Cylindrical, rounded ends or heads, top loading, fittings located inside single protective housing or manway
Cryo liquid tank car
Low pressure, below 25 psi, refrigerated liquids -130F and below
Fittings are in ground level cabinets on side or ends of cars
Cryo containers can insulate and transport the material for how many days using tank inside tank and vacuum insulated space between tanks.
30 days
Covered hopper cars may carry
gain, calcium carbide, ammonium nitrate, cement
Uncovered or open hopper cars may carry
Coal, gravel, sand, rocks
Pneumatically unloaded hopper cars
Use air pressure to unload materials. Pressure ranges from 20-80 psi
Can carry ammonium nitrate, dry caustic soda, plastic pellets, cement
Misc cars
Box cars and gondolas, can include mixed cargos in a variety of packaging.
Ring stiffener
Circumferential tank shell stiffener helps maintain tank cross section
Two specific government standards for Carl tank trucks
Motor carrier MC
DOT
Non pressure liquid tank
Dot 406, tc406, sct-306 (mc 306, tc306) Pressure Less than 4 psig Max capacity 9,000 gal Oval shape Recessed manways Bottom valves Vapor recovery on right or rear Carries gasoline, fuel, alcohol, fuel combustible liquids
Low pressure chemical tank
Dot 407, tc 407, sct 307 (mc307, tc307) Pressure under 40 psi Max capacity 7,000 gal Rubber lined or steel, double shell Stiffening rings visible or covered Single or multiple compartments Single or double flash box manway Single discharge mid or rear Fusible plugs, frangible disks, vents on top outside flash box Carries flam, combustible liquid, acid, caustics, poison
Corrosive liquid tank
Dot412, tc412, sct-412 (mc 312, tc312) Less than 75 psi Max cap 7000 gal Rubber lines or steel Single compartment, small diameter round shape Stiffening rings visible on uninsulated Rear or middle top loading Flange type rupture disk on splash guard Carries corrosive liquids, usually acid
High pressure tank
Mc331, tc 331, sct331 Pressure over 100 psi Max cap 11500 gal Single steel non insulated compartment Bolted manway at front or rear. Internal and rear outlet valves Hemispherical ends or heads White or reflective Guard cage around loading unloading piping Carries pressurized gas and liquid, propane butane, anhydrous ammon
Cryogenic liquid tank
Mc338, tc338, sct338 (tc341, cga341)
Pressure less than 22 psi well insulated steel
Possible discharging vapor from relief valves
Round tank, flat ends
Heavy insulated
Doghouse/ loading unloading covered front or rear
Carries liquid oxygen, nitrogen, co2, hydrogen
Compressed gas tube trailer
Pressures 3,000-5000 psi
Individual steel cylinders stacked and banded together
Over pressure device for each cylinder
Bolted manway, front or rear
Protected or covered valves at rear
Carries helium, hydrogen, methane, oxygen
Dry bulk cargo container
Pressure less than 22 psi Typically not under pressure Bottom valves V shaped bottom unloading compartments Rear mounted compressor Air assist loading and unloading pipes on bottom Top manway Carries calcium carbid, oxidizers, corrosive solids, cement, plastic pellets, fertilizers
Seven clues to hazmat presence
Occupancy types and pre incident planning Container shapes Placards, labels, markings Other markings and colors, non transport Written resources Senses Monitoring and sensing devices
Two Intermodal types
Freight containers
Tank containers
Freight container intermodal
Common sizes 20, 40, 45, 53' Dry van intermodal (aka box containers) Refrigerated (refers) Open top Flat intermodal
Tank container intermodal
Aka intermodal tanks Low pressure (non pressure) Pressure Specialized such as Cryo and tube models
Intermodal container tanks are framed to protect it and stack it and are generally not larger than what capacity
6340 gal
Most common intermodal tank
Low pressure
Low pressure intermodals have a pressure as high as
100 psi
Low pressure or non pressure intermodals are aka
Intermodal portable tanks or IM portable tanks
Two types of low pressure non pressure intermodals
IM 101 portable tanks
IM 102 portable tanks
IM 101 portable tank
Withstand working pressure of 25.4-100 psi
5,000-6,300 gal
Carries toxins, corrosives and flammable a with flash below 32F
IM 102 portable tanks
Max allowable pressures 14.5 to 25.4 psi
5,000-6300 gal
Carries solvents, alcohols, resins, insecticides, flammable with flash points from 32-140f
Pressure intermodal
dot spec 51
Less common
Pressures 100-500psi
Pressurized liquid gas
Specialized intermodal tank or container
Several types Cryo refered liquid gas are IMO type 7 Tube module gas pressure 3,000-5,000 psi Dry bulk containers carry fertilizer etc
Over 90 percent or work cargo is transported how
By ship or vessel
Tanker
Vessel that exclusively carries liquids in bulk
Tanker type categories
Petroleum carriers
Chemical carriers
Liquified flammable gas carriers
Petroleum carrier tankers
Crude of finished petroleum products
Range: 200’ 15,000 barrel coastal tanker 2,000 tons dead weight
To: 1,200’ 3,680,000 barrel ultra large carriers 480,000 deadweight tons
Chemical carriers
Aka floating drugstores
Can carry oils, solvents, gasoline, sulphur and other hazmat in 30-58 separate containers.
3,000 in operation worldwide.
Not placarded
Liquified flammable gas carrier tankers
Carry LNG and LPG
Large number of pressure vessels and piping on deck
In U.S. ports lng and lpg tankers, the captain of the port is required to maintain vessel management and
Emergency contingency plans
Cargo vessel
500-900’ long
50-130’ wide
40-60’ deep
Four types of cargo vessels
Bulk carrier
Break bulk carrier
Container vessel
Roll on/off vessel
Bulk carrier vessel
Liquid or dry bulk
Coal, metals, grain, soil and stone
Loaded directly into a hold without packing
Two primary liquid bulk vessels
Chemical and liquid hydrocarbon
Break bulk carrier
Large holds to accommodate different products, cars, ore, metal pieces, drums, crates
Container vessel
Shipping container cargo standard 8’ wide by various lengths or intermodal tanks
Roll on/off vessel
Side level ramps or lifts for automobile transport. Large floating parking garages
Barges
Box shaped flat deck vessels for transporting cargo. Garbage barges, usually not self propelled and need tug boats to move
Unit loading devices ULDs
Containers and aircraft pallets to consolidate cargo on sings unit for airplanes.
DOT Intermediate bulk containers IBC
Rigid or flexible portable packaging, other than tank or cylinder, designed for mechanical handling like fork lift.
For intermediate bulk containers IBCs there is no weight limit on
Solid products
IBCs can carry
Aviation fuel, gasoline, methanol, hydrochloric acid, toluene, corrosive liquids, solids in granular flake or powder form.
IBCs are divided into two groups
Flexible IBC (FIBC) Rigid IBC (RIBC)
Both types of IBC are often called totes but what type is only the true tote
Flexible IBC. FIBC
Flexible IBC FIBC
Sometimes called bulk bags, bulk sacks, supersacks, big bags, tote bags, totes.
Flexible collapsible bags that carry solids and fluids
Common size carries 5, 55 gallon drums in volume.
Rigid IBC. RIBC
Made of steel, aluminum, wood, plastic, fiberboard, stackable
Capacities up to 400 gal and 100 psi
Tom containers
Appx 2000 lbs, stored on sides, round with concave or convex ends, two valves in the end, one in vapor space other in liquid
Fusible pressure relief plugs
Commonly carry chlorine, anhydrous ammonia, freon
Types of non bulk packaging
Bags, Car boys and jerry cans Cylinders pressures higher than 40psi Drums Dewar flasks (Cryo)
Five types of packaging of radioactive material from lowest to highest
Excepted Industrial Type a Type b Type c
Excepted radioactive packaging
Limited radioactivity, like depleted uranium. No risk to public or environment not marked or labeled
Industrial radioactive packaging
Retains and protects article for shipping, not marked, limited public and environmental hazard.
Slightly contaminated clothing
Lab samples
Smoke detectors
Type a radioactive packaging
Withstands series of test without releasing contents and properly shielded. Packed and papers with type a written. Relatively high specific activity levels
Radiopharmaceuticals
Certain regulatory qualified industrial products
Type b radioactive packaging
Withstand normal shipping wear and severe accidental conditions without releasing contents. Package and papers identified type b.
Small containers to 100 tons
items exceed type a radioactivity
Hazard to public or environment
High radioactivity, spent fuel from plants
Type c radioactive packaging
Very rare for high activity materials like plutonium, transported by aircraft.
Designed to withstand sever accident ink air travel
Usa Canada and Mexico have all adopted what for identifying transported hazmat
Transport of dangerous goods model regulation
Aka UN recommendations
9 UN hazard classes
Class 1 explosives Class 2 gasses Class 3 flammable liquids Class 4 flammable solids, can spontaneously combust, flammable gas emission when contact with water Class 5 oxidizers and organic peroxides Class 6 toxic and infectious substances Class 7 radioactive material Class 8 corrosive substances Class 9 misc dangerous substances and articles
4 digit placard number must be displayed on bulk containers on the following containers and packages
Rail tank cars
Cargo tank trucks
Portable tanks
Bulk packages
Vehicle containers carrying at least 8820 lbs of hazmat
Certain non bulk materials like poison gasses in certain amounts
On orange panels, the UN preceding the four digit number means
United Nations, accepted for international travel
Emergency response guide provides key to four digit code in what section
Yellow section.
Dot regulations cover additional categories of substances of the UN recommendations they are
Other regulated materials, materials of trade, and fumigated loads
Dimensions and lay out of dot placard
10.8 inches per side Hazard class number on bottom corner 4 digit Id number in middle Hazard symbol above that Background color
Placards are required for all hazmat when it weighs over
1001 lbs
Placard required for these types in any quantity
Explosives 1.1-1.3 2.3 poison gas 4.3 dangerous when wet 5.2 organic peroxide 6.1 poison inhalation hazard 7 radioactive
A placard is not required for
Infectious substances, other regulated materials (ORMD), materials of trade MOT, limited or small quantity packages, certain radioactive so, and non bulk combustible liquids.
Some private agriculture and military vehicles don’t have placards because
It may be transported between sites on the same property
Other than class 7 or dangerous placard, Text on the placard may be omitted if
Specific Id number is listed
Who is responsible for providing placards for the shipping material
The shipper.
Placard colors and meanings
Orange, explosive Yellow, oxidizer, reactive Red, flammable White, health hazard, poison corrosive Blue, water reactive Green, non flammable gas
Explosives division 1.1
Mass explosion hazard, affects entire load almost instantly
Ex- dynamite, mines, wetter Mercury fulminate
Explosives division 1.2
Have projection hazard but not mass explosive hazard
Ex- det cord, rockets, flares, fireworks
Explosives division 1.3
Fire hazard and either minor blast hazard or projection hazard or both but not mass explosion
Ex- smokeless powder, liquid rockets, practice grenades, aerial flares
Explosives 1.4
Minor explosion hazard, mostly confined to package, low projection hazard, exterior fire not cause explosion of entire package
Ex- fireworks, primers, fuse cord, signal cartridges
Explosives 1.5
mass explosive hazard but insensitive so little probability of ignition from flame
Ex- anfo, blasting agents,
Explosives 1.6
Extremely insensitive, no mass explosion hazard
Dot label
A label formed as a placard 3.9”
Dot label That always requires text
Class 7 radioactive
Dot marking
Descriptive name, Id number, weight, specification, instructions, cautions, UN marks
Vehicle ID markings, specifications
Info about standards to which the container or tank was built, typically found on roadside/driver side
Different railroad tank car markings
Initials and numbers, reporting marks
Capacity stencil
Specification marking
Dedicated railway cars transporting a single material must have
Material name painted on car
More than 259 hazmats transported by rail are required to
Have their name stenciled on the side of the car in 4” letters
Reporting marks
Aka initials and numbers.
Used to get info on contents from railroad’s computer or shipper
Reporting marks are located where on the railway car
Both sides of the car to the left side of that face
Both ends, upper center
Capacity stencil
Stencil of capacity in gallons, under initials and number
Intermodal container/ tank initials and numbers/ reporting marks are located
On the right side of both sides to the tank or on the frame
Nfpa 704
Standard system for the ID of hazmats for emergency response
Blue red yellow white
Color meaning and order for nfpa 704
Left middle clockwise Blue health Red flammability Yellow instability White related hazards, oxidizers/water reactive
Nfpa 704 is not designed for these situations or hazards
Transportation General public use Non emergency occupational exposures Explosives, blasting agents, Chronic health hazards Bio agents or similar
0-4 health hazard
0 minimal 1 slight 2 moderate 3 serious 4 severe
0-4 flammability 704
0 won't burn 1 preheat to burn 2 ignites w/ moderate heating 3 ignites at ambient temp 4 flammable gas/ volatile liquid
Instability 0-4 704
0 normally stable
1 becomes unstable if heated
2 violent chem change possible at elevated temp/ pressure
3 detonation or explosion w/ strong initiator
4 detonation or explosion at ambient conditions
Osha hazard communication standard HCS requires
Employer to Id hazards and label them and train employees to recognize them
Under Federal hazardous substances act, FHSA, require labels on household products with what word written on it
Signal word
4 signal words
Caution
Warning
Danger
Poison
Caution signal word meaning
Minor health effects like skin irritation
Warning signal word meaning
Moderate hazards like significant health effect or flammability
Danger signal word meaning
Highest degree of hazard, severe or deadly, explode with heat
Poison signal word meaning
Required in addition to danger, highly toxic, pesticides
FHSA also requires other information on labels such as
Manufacturer contact info Common chem name of each ingredient Specific effect or situation of hazard, flammable, harmful if swallowed Precautions for use First aid instruction Handling or storage instructions Statement, keep out of children reach
Cas number
Chemical abstract service, unique numbers for substance Id
Anything containing PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyl, requires what
A warning label because it’s cancerous
ISO 3864 defines
Design criteria for international safety signs
Extremely flammable is displayed on pesticides when
Contents have flash point below 80F
ANSI z535.1 color coding
Red- danger or stop Orange- warning Yellow- caution Green-marks safety equip like 1st aid Blue- safety info signage, like required ppe
Bill of lading
Indicates origin, route, destination and product, kept in cab of truck.
Waybill
Hazardous waste shipments must be accompanied by
Uniform hazardous waste manifest document
Instructions for describing hazmats provided in DOT/ TC emulations are
Proper shipping name
Hazard class
Packing group
Quantity
Where are shipping papers located
Near driver or pilot for trucks and planes
In wheelhouse, pilot house or bridge for boats and controlling tugboats
Train crew members should carry what indicating cargo
Train consists, train list, wheel reports
Most trains count their cars in what order
Front of train to back
Sds or msds are prepared by who
The manufacturer or importer
Minimum info on SDS based on globally harmonized standard GHS
Identification. Hazards. Composition, ingredients First aid Firefighting Accidental release measures Handling, storage Exposure control, personal protection Physical/ Chem properties Stability/ reactivity Toxicological info Ecological info Disposal Transport Regulatory Other
Erg is primarily misfired for use where
On roadways
Safest of five senses to detect hazmat incident
Vision
Olfactory fatigue
Gradual inability to detect order after initial exposure. Common with hydrogen sulfide
Visual cues
Vapor cloud or smoke Unusual colored smoke Flames Melting gloves Changes in vegetation Container deterioration Bulging containers Sick people Dying wildlife Dis colored valves or pipes
Physical actions are processes that don’t change the elemental structure of materials. They include
Rainbow sheen Wavy vapors Frost or ice build up near leak Activated pressure relief devices Pinging or popping of heated vessels
Exothermic
Produces heat energy
Endothermic
Absorbs heat energy
Chemical reactions convert
One substance into another
Indicators of chemical rxn
Exothermic or endothermic
Extraordinary fire conditions
Peeling or discoloration of container finish
Spattering or boiling of unheated materials
Colored vapor clouds
Smoking or self ignition
Equipment deterioration
Peculiar smells
Unexplained changes in ordinary materials
Symptoms of chem exposure
Detection devices are outside the scope of what
Awareness levels, used in operational level
Indications of possible terrorist incident
Two or more emergencies in places of assembly
Unusually large number of people with similar symptoms at medical facilities
Reported explosion at places of assembly or importance
CBRNE
Chem, bio, radiological, nuclear, explosive
Sludgem
Salvivation Lacrimation (tearing) Urination Defication Gi upset Emesis Miosis (pinpoint) or muscle spasms
Dumbels
Defacation Urination Miosis or muscular twitching Bronchospasm Emesis Lacrimation Salivation
Radiological dispersal device RDD
Dirty bomb
Indicators of possible radiological incident
Suspicious packages that weigh a lot (lead shielding)
Hot materials without external heat source
Glowing material
Agar plates
Gelatin or jelly substance in Petri dishes used to grow bacteria cultures
Out of place: possible indicator of bio manufacturing
Exterior indicators of illicit lab
Blacked out windows Discarded chem containers Booby traps Hidden or disguised entrances Abnormal levels of security Excessive trash
Interior indicators of illicit labs
Covered windows in occupied building Chem odors Flasks and glassware Unusual heat sources Containers of unk substances Pill or blister packs, pseudophed Large sums of Lithium batteries Propane bottles, storing anhydrous ammonia
Guidelines to protect against secondaries
Anticipate presence Search the area visually Limit number of personnel in area Avoid touching or moving anything Cordon off area Evacuate Preserve serene and evidence
