9

Question 1

1. Which of the following is NOT a feature of persistent or chronic viral infections?
   a) Continuous replication of the virus
   b) Evasion of the host immune system
   c) Regular mutation of the virus
   d) The virus is completely eliminated from the body
   e) The virus can go undetected during latency periods

Answer 1

D

Question 2

2. What is the main reason why Hepatitis B (HBV) infection is more likely to become chronic in individuals infected at a younger age?
   a) The immune system is weaker in young children
   b) The virus does not replicate in the liver
   c) The virus is more likely to be asymptomatic in younger individuals
   d) Young individuals are less likely to receive immunosuppressive treatments
   e) The virus cannot enter liver cells in young individuals

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3. Which of the following is a key difference between Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV)?
   a) HBV is an RNA virus, while HCV is a DNA virus
   b) HBV has 6 genotypes, while HCV has multiple subtypes
   c) HBV integrates its genome into the host DNA, while HCV stays in the cytoplasm
   d) HBV replicates in the liver, while HCV does not
   e) HCV is more likely to be acute, while HBV is always chronic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4. Which of the following statements about Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is TRUE?
   a) HCV infection is always acute and self-limiting
   b) HCV replicates in the nucleus of liver cells
   c) HCV is primarily transmitted through intravenous drug use
   d) Testing for antibodies alone is sufficient to diagnose chronic HCV infection
   e) The majority of HCV infections do not become chronic

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5. Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?
   a) Blood transfusion
   b) Sexual transmission
   c) Vertical transmission
   d) Inhalation of respiratory droplets
   e) Intravenous drug use (IVDU)

Answer 5

D

Question 6

6. What is the key characteristic of HIV infection at the onset of the disease?
   a) Rapid increase in CD4+ cells
   b) Immediate and severe symptoms in all cases
   c) The virus remains latent in the body for several months
   d) The virus infects and integrates into CD4+ cells
   e) There is no viral load during the initial infection

Answer 6

D

Question 7

7. In which part of the body does Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) remain latent?
   a) Liver cells
   b) Ganglia of the nervous system
   c) Lymph nodes
   d) Epithelial cells
   e) Blood plasma

Answer 7

B

Question 8

8. Which of the following is TRUE about herpesviruses?
   a) Herpesviruses can be completely eradicated from the body with antiviral treatment
   b) Herpesviruses are RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus
   c) All herpesviruses cause severe clinical disease in every infected individual
   d) Once infected, herpesviruses remain in the body indefinitely, but may not always cause pathology
   e) Herpesviruses only cause symptomatic infections

Answer 8

D

Question 9

9. Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism of HIV replication?
   a) HIV replicates in the nucleus and integrates its RNA genome into the host DNA
   b) HIV uses reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA into DNA, which is then integrated into the host’s chromosomes
   c) HIV replicates only in the liver cells of the host
   d) HIV never integrates into the host’s genome and only exists as RNA
   e) HIV replication is restricted to immune cells in the lymph nodes

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. What happens during the latent period of HIV infection?
    a) The virus causes severe symptoms and rapid CD4+ depletion
    b) The virus replicates actively in the blood
    c) CD4+ cells slowly decline, but the individual remains asymptomatic
    d) HIV is completely cleared from the body by the immune system
    e) The individual experiences acute opportunistic infections

Answer 10

C

Question 11

11. What is a critical feature of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence?
    a) The virus completely eradicates liver cells
    b) The virus only infects individuals after adulthood
    c) The virus can remain integrated into the human genome, even after “clearance”
    d) The virus always leads to cirrhosis of the liver
    e) HBV only exists in the bloodstream and does not infect liver cells

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12. Which of the following enzymes is critical for HIV replication, as it allows the virus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?
    a) RNA polymerase
    b) Protease
    c) Reverse transcriptase
    d) Integrase
    e) Exonuclease

Answer 12

C

Question 13

13. Which of the following is a key feature of the replication of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?
    a) HCV replicates in the nucleus of liver cells
    b) HCV’s RNA genome is integrated into the host’s chromosomes
    c) HCV replicates in the cytoplasm and does not enter the nucleus
    d) HCV is a DNA virus that causes chronic infection in the liver
    e) HCV cannot be treated and eradicated

Answer 13

C

Question 14

14. Which of the following viruses is primarily transmitted through contaminated blood, such as through intravenous drug use (IVDU)?
    a) Hepatitis B
    b) Hepatitis C
    c) Herpes Simplex Virus
    d) HIV
    e) All of the above

Answer 14

E

Question 15

15. Which of the following chronic infections is associated with the development of liver carcinoma?
    a) Herpes Simplex Virus
    b) Hepatitis C Virus
    c) HIV
    d) Hepatitis B Virus
    e) Epstein-Barr Virus

Answer 15

D

Question 16

16. How does HIV specifically affect CD4+ cells in the immune system?
    a) It directly kills the CD4+ cells immediately after infection
    b) It integrates its genetic material into the CD4+ cell’s DNA, leading to immune dysfunction
    c) It causes the CD4+ cells to overproduce cytokines, resulting in inflammation
    d) It replicates inside the CD4+ cells, causing them to divide uncontrollably
    e) It induces apoptosis only in non-infected CD4+ cells

Answer 16

B

Question 17

17. Which of the following is a key feature of the replication cycle of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
    a) HSV replicates in the cytoplasm and does not integrate into the host’s genome
    b) HSV remains latent in the ganglia and can reactivate to cause disease later
    c) HSV never causes reactivation, once the infection is resolved
    d) HSV replicates exclusively in liver cells
    e) HSV is only symptomatic in the first 24 hours of infection

Answer 17

B

Question 18

18. What is the main challenge in treating chronic infections such as Hepatitis B and C?
    a) The viruses replicate in the brain, making them difficult to treat
    b) The viruses integrate their genetic material into the host genome, causing lifelong infection
    c) The viruses are resistant to all antiviral treatments
    d) The viruses are unable to replicate at all in the human body
    e) The viruses replicate at a very slow rate, making detection difficult

Answer 18

B

Question 19

19. What is the major complication of HIV infection if left untreated?
    a) Sudden acute liver failure
    b) Loss of the ability to produce antibodies
    c) Progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, leading to opportunistic infections
    d) Formation of cold sores
    e) Liver cirrhosis

Answer 19

C