14 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is the most common primary immunodeficiency?
a) X-linked agammaglobulinemia
b) Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
c) Chronic granulomatous disease
d) Selective IgA deficiency
e) DiGeorge syndrome
A
D
2
Q
- Which of the following is true regarding secondary immunodeficiency?
a) It is present from birth and is caused by genetic mutations.
b) It is caused by environmental factors like diet and exposure to toxins.
c) It is most commonly due to infections like HIV, chronic illness, or organ failure.
d) It is characterized by a permanent inability to respond to infections.
e) It is always present at birth but can become symptomatic in adulthood.
A
C
3
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic infection risk in immunodeficient patients?
a) Only bacterial infections from environmental pathogens
b) Opportunistic infections that would normally not affect healthy individuals
c) High risk for viral infections such as influenza in the general population
d) Increased risk for autoimmune diseases
e) Elevated risk for malignancy without any infections
A
B
4
Q
- Which fungal infection is common in immunocompromised patients, especially those with leukemia, and is associated with high mortality?
a) Invasive candidiasis
b) Aspergillus fumigatus
c) Pneumocystis pneumonia
d) Histoplasmosis
e) Blastomycosis
A
B
5
Q
- Which virus is a significant cause of infection in transplant patients and can lead to pneumonia, and in patients with HIV, it may cause neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms?
a) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
b) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
c) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
d) Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
e) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
A
C
6
Q
- What is a key feature of infection in immunodeficient patients?
a) Infection symptoms are always obvious and typically severe
b) Immunodeficient patients show no symptoms of infection
c) Immunodeficient patients often lack the usual clinical signs of infection, such as fever
d) The infection only presents as acute, life-threatening conditions
e) Immunodeficient patients only experience viral infections
A
C
7
Q
- Which of the following is a primary consequence of steroid use in immunosuppressed patients?
a) Increased B-cell activation and proliferation
b) Suppression of neutrophil migration into tissues and lymphocyte depletion
c) Enhanced macrophage function
d) Increased cytokine production by T-cells
e) Direct inhibition of viral replication
A
B
8
Q
- Which of the following drugs is commonly used to block T-cell proliferation by inhibiting IL-2 signaling?
a) Prednisolone
b) Azathioprine
c) Rituximab
d) Methotrexate
e) Infliximab
A
B
9
Q
- Which of the following is a key characteristic of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
a) Complete B-cell deficiency
b) Abnormal neutrophil function leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections
c) T-cell deficiency causing recurrent viral infections
d) IgA deficiency with recurrent mucosal infections
e) Deficient antibody production leading to severe combined
A
B
10
Q
- Which of the following infections is commonly seen in patients with advanced HIV due to immune suppression?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Invasive Aspergillosis
c) Pneumocystis pneumonia
d) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections
e) Malaria
A
C
11
Q
- Which of the following is a common cause of secondary immunodeficiency in adults?
a) Genetic mutations at birth
b) HIV infection
c) Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
d) Genetic immunodeficiencies such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia
e) IgA deficiency
A
B
12
Q
- What is a common cause of infection with opportunistic pathogens like Candida in immunosuppressed individuals?
a) Poor hygiene practices
b) Use of catheters and intravenous lines
c) Poor diet and nutritional deficiencies
d) Airborne transmission from other infected individuals
e) Inherited immune system defects
A
B
13
Q
- What is the role of biologic drugs such as TNF-α inhibitors in treating immunodeficient patients?
a) They stimulate the production of IgG antibodies
b) They block inflammatory cytokines, reducing inflammation
c) They enhance neutrophil function
d) They increase T-cell proliferation
e) They directly inhibit viral replication
A
B
14
Q
- Which of the following immunodeficiencies affects both B-cells and T-cells, leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)?
a) X-linked agammaglobulinemia
b) Chronic granulomatous disease
c) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
d) Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency
e) IgA deficiency
A
D
15
Q
- What is the common clinical presentation of patients with Selective IgA deficiency?
a) Severe recurrent bacterial infections
b) Mucosal infections, particularly respiratory and gastrointestinal
c) Autoimmune disorders like lupus
d) Skin and soft tissue infections
e) Increased susceptibility to viral infections
A
B
16
Q
- Which of the following is a common side effect of cytotoxic agents like chemotherapy in immunodeficient patients?
a) Enhanced neutrophil migration
b) Increased antibody production by B-cells
c) Suppression of the immune response leading to increased risk of infections
d) Direct inhibition of infection-causing microorganisms
e) Reduced likelihood of developing opportunistic infections
A
C
17
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a bacterial infection that immunodeficient patients are more likely to get as an opportunistic infection?
a) Staphylococcus aureus
b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
c) Escherichia coli
d) Salmonella enterica
e) All of the above
A
E
18
Q
- What is the treatment for patients with immunodeficiencies caused by T-cell suppression from drug therapy such as steroids?
a) Antiviral medications
b) Bone marrow transplant
c) Antifungal agents
d) Reduced steroid doses or discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy
e) Gene therapy
A
D
19
Q
A
