8

Question 1

1. Which influenza virus type is primarily associated with pandemics due to antigenic shift?
   a) Influenza A
   b) Influenza B
   c) Influenza C
   d) Influenza D
   e) None of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

2. What is the primary cause of seasonal epidemics of influenza, where mutations in surface glycoproteins occur?
   a) Antigenic Shift
   b) Antigenic Drift
   c) Genomic Reassortment
   d) Immune Evasion
   e) Viral Adaptation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. Which surface glycoprotein of the influenza virus is involved in the attachment to host cells?
   a) Neuraminidase (NA)
   b) Hemagglutinin (HA)
   c) RNA polymerase
   d) Matrix protein
   e) M2 protein

Answer 3

B

Question 4

4. Which of the following viruses is primarily transmitted via the faecal-oral route and causes gastrointestinal illness with vomiting and diarrhea?
   a) Rhinovirus
   b) Influenza virus
   c) Norovirus
   d) Measles virus
   e) Hepatitis B virus

Answer 4

C

Question 5

5. Which virus family is responsible for causing Measles?
   a) Herpesviridae
   b) Picornaviridae
   c) Paramyxoviridae
   d) Orthomyxoviridae
   e) Flaviviridae

Answer 5

C

Question 6

6. What unique clinical feature helps in the identification of Measles infection?
   a) Koplik spots
   b) Fever with sore throat
   c) Petechial rash
   d) Conjunctivitis
   e) Maculopapular rash

Answer 6

A

Question 7

7. Which virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and can cause seasonal epidemics of influenza?
   a) Rhinovirus
   b) Hepatitis B
   c) Measles virus
   d) Influenza virus
   e) Norovirus

Answer 7

D

Question 8

8. Which virus family causes gastrointestinal infections with a high viral load, requiring only 5-6 particles to cause infection?
   a) Caliciviridae
   b) Picornaviridae
   c) Herpesviridae
   d) Retroviridae
   e) Paramyxoviridae

Answer 8

A

Question 9

9. What is the main method of transmission for the influenza virus?
   a) Fecal-oral route
   b) Respiratory droplets, aerosols, and contact transmission
   c) Vertical transmission
   d) Bloodborne transmission
   e) Mucous-mucous contact

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. Which of the following viruses is most commonly transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets?
    a) Hepatitis B
    b) Rhinovirus
    c) Measles virus
    d) Herpes simplex virus
    e) Norovirus

Answer 10

B

Question 11

11. What does the term ‘viral tropism’ refer to in the context of viral infections?
    a) The ability of a virus to infect a specific host
    b) The specific cells or tissues the virus preferentially infects
    c) The immune response to viral infections
    d) The genetic mutation in the virus
    e) The replication rate of the virus

Answer 11

B

Question 12

12. Which of the following viruses can cause cancer as a result of long-term infection?
    a) Hepatitis C virus
    b) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
    c) Measles virus
    d) Norovirus
    e) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Answer 12

B

Question 13

13. Which of the following is NOT a common site of viral entry for respiratory viruses like Influenza and Measles?
    a) Skin and mucous membranes
    b) Oropharynx and GI tract
    c) Urogenital tract
    d) Respiratory tract
    e) None of the above

Answer 13

C

Question 14

14. What role do cytotoxic T cells play in the clearance of viral infections?
    a) They neutralize the virus in the bloodstream
    b) They kill infected cells via MHC Class I molecules
    c) They produce antiviral antibodies
    d) They stimulate the immune system to release cytokines
    e) They increase viral replication

Answer 14

B

Question 15

15. Which of the following statements about the transmission of the influenza virus is TRUE?
    a) Influenza is transmitted only through blood contact.
    b) Influenza transmission is primarily through fecal-oral routes.
    c) The influenza virus is transmitted via aerosols, droplets, and contact transmission.
    d) Influenza is not transmitted through respiratory droplets.
    e) The influenza virus is only transmitted vertically.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

16. Which viral family causes diseases such as cold and rhinopharyngitis through the respiratory tract?
    a) Paramyxoviridae
    b) Orthomyxoviridae
    c) Caliciviridae
    d) Picornaviridae
    e) Herpesviridae

Answer 16

D

Question 17

17. In which viral life cycle phase do viruses spread through bodily fluids such as semen, blood, and breast milk?
    a) Entry
    b) Dissemination
    c) Localisation
    d) Shedding
    e) Transmission to other hosts

Answer 17

D

Question 18

18. What type of immune response is primarily responsible for the clearance of acute viral infections?
    a) Humoral immunity through B-cells
    b) Cell-mediated immunity through T-helper cells
    c) Cell-mediated immunity through Cytotoxic T cells
    d) Passive immunity through antibodies
    e) Inflammatory responses via macrophages

Answer 18

C

Question 19

19. What is the most common route of transmission for herpes simplex virus (HSV)?
    a) Respiratory droplets
    b) Blood transfusion
    c) Skin-to-skin contact
    d) Fecal-oral route
    e) Vertical transmission

Answer 19

C

Question 20

20. Which virus family is associated with causing exanthems (skin rashes) such as the characteristic measles rash?
    a) Paramyxoviridae
    b) Orthomyxoviridae
    c) Herpesviridae
    d) Picornaviridae
    e) Caliciviridae

Answer 20

A