6

Question 1

1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of fungi and yeasts?
   a) They have a prokaryotic cell structure
   b) They lack a cell wall
   c) They have mitochondria and a nucleus with chromosomes
   d) They do not undergo meiosis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2. Which component makes up the outer cell wall of fungi, and is also a target for antifungal drugs?
   a) Ergosterol
   b) (1,3)-glucan
   c) Chitin
   d) Peptidoglycan

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. Which of the following is true about yeast morphology?
   a) Yeasts are unicellular and reproduce by budding
   b) Yeasts are filamentous and produce hyphae
   c) Yeasts are dimorphic, growing as yeast in the environment and as mould in a host
   d) Yeasts reproduce by producing connidia (spores)

Answer 3

A

Question 4

4. Which type of fungi produces hyphae that intertwine to form mycelia and reproduce by connidia (spores)?
   a) Yeasts
   b) Moulds
   c) Dimorphic fungi
   d) Lichens

Answer 4

D

Question 5

5. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dimorphic fungi?
   a) They only grow as yeasts in both the environment and human hosts
   b) They grow as moulds in the environment and as yeasts when in a human host
   c) They are exclusively pathogenic
   d) They do not undergo sexual reproduction

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6. Which of the following is the most common causative agent of superficial candidiasis, including oral thrush and vaginal thrush?
   a) Candida glabrata
   b) Candida albicans
   c) Candida tropicalis
   d) Candida krusei

Answer 6

B

Question 7

7. Which infection is caused by the dermatophyte fungi and often results in conditions such as ringworm and athlete’s foot?
   a) Candidiasis
   b) Tinea
   c) Sporotrichosis
   d) Histoplasmosis

Answer 7

B

Question 8

8. What is the causative agent of Madura foot (mycetoma), a chronic subcutaneous infection often caused by puncture wounds?
   a) Sporothrix schenckii
   b) Madurella grisea
   c) Candida albicans
   d) Aspergillus fumigatus

Answer 8

B

Question 9

9. Which of the following fungal infections is caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma species, leading to lung infection and subsequent systemic spread via the lymphatic system?
   a) Candidiasis
   b) Histoplasmosis
   c) Cryptococcal meningitis
   d) Zygomycosis

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. Which type of fungi causes systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals, such as Cryptococcal meningitis and Pneumocystis pneumonia?
    a) Aspergillus fumigatus
    b) Candida albicans
    c) Cryptococcus neoformans
    d) Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 10

C

Question 11

11. Which of the following fungal infections is commonly seen in HIV patients and can cause severe pneumonia and alveolar damage?
    a) Candidiasis
    b) Aspergillus infection
    c) Pneumocystis pneumonia
    d) Zygomycosis

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12. Which of the following systemic fungal infections is caused by inhaling spores of Aspergillus fumigatus, and is most common in immunocompromised patients, such as those with haematological malignancies or organ transplants?
    a) Histoplasmosis
    b) Zygomycosis
    c) Invasive Aspergillosis
    d) Cryptococcal meningitis

Answer 12

C

Question 13

13. Which fungal disease is associated with rhino-cerebral and orbital infections, often seen in patients with diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis) or HIV?
    a) Pneumocystis pneumonia
    b) Zygomycosis
    c) Histoplasmosis
    d) Aspergillosis

Answer 13

B

Question 14

14. Which of the following drugs is primarily used for the treatment of candidiasis (caused by Candida albicans)?
    a) Fluconazole
    b) Voriconazole
    c) Amphotericin B
    d) Itraconazole

Answer 14

A

Question 15

15. Which antifungal drug targets the fungal cell wall and is commonly used to treat infections caused by fungi such as Candida and Aspergillus?
    a) Amphotericin B
    b) Azoles
    c) Echinocandins
    d) Allylamines

Answer 15

C

Question 16

16. Which class of antifungal drugs targets ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane?
    a) Azoles and Allylamines
    b) Echinocandins
    c) Polyenes
    d) Fluoroquinolones

Answer 16

A

Question 17

17. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to treat invasive infections caused by Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)?
    a) Fluconazole
    b) Amphotericin B
    c) Voriconazole
    d) Itraconazole

Answer 17

B

Question 18

18. Which of the following is a feature of the fungal cell wall?
    a) It contains a high amount of cholesterol
    b) It is made up of glucan and chitin
    c) It is similar in structure to the bacterial cell wall
    d) It is composed mainly of lipopolysaccharides

Answer 18

B

Question 19

19. Which of the following systemic fungal infections is considered an obligate pathogen and can only cause infection in a host, not in the environment?
    a) Aspergillosis
    b) Histoplasmosis
    c) Candidiasis
    d) Sporotrichosis

Answer 19

B

Question 20

20. What is the primary route of infection for dimorphic fungi like Histoplasma species and Sporothrix schenckii?
    a) Airborne spores inhaled from the environment
    b) Skin puncture or trauma
    c) Human-to-human transmission
    d) Gastrointestinal ingestion

Answer 20

A