10 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is TRUE about active vaccines?
a) They provide short-term immunity through the administration of effector cells.
b) They contain only immunoglobulins and T-cells to stimulate immunity.
c) They induce long-term adaptive immunity by stimulating the immune system with an antigen.
d) They are always used for therapeutic purposes.
e) They are never used to prevent infections.
A
C
2
Q
- What is the primary difference between passive and active vaccines?
a) Active vaccines are used to treat existing infections, while passive vaccines prevent infection.
b) Active vaccines provide short-term immunity, while passive vaccines provide long-term immunity.
c) Passive vaccines involve the administration of effector cells or antibodies, while active vaccines involve the introduction of antigens to stimulate the immune system.
d) Passive vaccines are never administered by injection, while active vaccines always are.
e) Active vaccines require the use of adjuvants, while passive vaccines do not.
A
C
3
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
a) Tetanus toxoid vaccine
b) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
c) Inactivated influenza vaccine
d) Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine
e) Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine
A
B
4
Q
- What is the primary reason why polysaccharide (PS) vaccines typically have a weaker immune response compared to conjugate-PS vaccines?
a) Polysaccharides alone cannot activate T-Cells and are only able to activate B-Cells.
b) Polysaccharides stimulate both T-Cells and B-Cells simultaneously, causing an overreaction.
c) PS vaccines do not induce any memory cell formation.
d) PS vaccines are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
e) PS vaccines only provide short-term immunity.
A
A
5
Q
- Which of the following is the role of an adjuvant in a vaccine?
a) It directly stimulates B-cells to produce antibodies.
b) It stimulates the humoral immune response by producing antibodies.
c) It improves the immunogenicity of the vaccine by enhancing the innate immune response.
d) It provides passive immunity to the recipient.
e) It helps in the production of viral antigens.
A
C
6
Q
- Which of the following vaccines is most likely to stimulate CD8+ T-Cells as part of its immune response?
a) Measles vaccine
b) Tetanus toxoid vaccine
c) Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine
d) Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine
e) Influenza nasal spray vaccine
A
C
7
Q
- Which of the following best defines herd immunity?
a) The ability of an individual to resist infection after vaccination.
b) Immunity achieved when a sufficient proportion of the population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of the pathogen.
c) Immunity that is acquired through passive vaccination methods.
d) The immune protection provided by vaccinations against all possible infections.
e) Immunity that occurs only in individuals who have previously been infected by a pathogen.
A
B
8
Q
- Which of the following vaccines is delivered via a mucosal route (e.g., inhaled or swallowed)?
a) Hepatitis B vaccine
b) Influenza nasal spray vaccine
c) Tetanus toxoid vaccine
d) Diphtheria vaccine
e) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
A
B
9
Q
- Which of the following types of vaccines would most likely result in the production of memory B-cells and long-term immunity?
a) Toxoid vaccines
b) Killed or inactivated vaccines
c) Polysaccharide-only vaccines
d) Conjugate-Polysaccharide vaccines
e) Passive immunity vaccines
A
D
10
Q
- Why is the measles vaccine typically given at a later age rather than during infancy?
a) Infants have a weaker immune response to the measles vaccine.
b) Neonates have passive immunity through maternal antibodies that need to wane before the vaccine is administered.
c) Measles vaccine is not effective in infants.
d) The measles vaccine is more effective in infants.
e) Neonates are at a higher risk of adverse reactions to the measles vaccine.
A
B
11
Q
- Which of the following is a characteristic of therapeutic vaccines?
a) They are used to prevent infections before exposure.
b) They are designed to treat existing infections or diseases, such as cancer.
c) They provide long-term immunity to prevent future infections.
d) They are always administered through injection.
e) They primarily stimulate the innate immune response.
A
B
12
Q
- Which of the following is a disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines?
a) They are more difficult to produce than killed vaccines.
b) They cannot generate long-term immunity.
c) They have a risk of reverting to pathogenicity.
d) They are less effective than killed vaccines in inducing immunity.
e) They always require booster doses to be effective.
A
C
13
Q
- What is the primary purpose of including a carrier protein in conjugate-PS vaccines?
a) To activate the innate immune system.
b) To allow polysaccharides to bind to MHC molecules and activate T-Cells.
c) To increase the antigenic response from the humoral immune system.
d) To prevent the pathogen from reverting to pathogenicity.
e) To induce a stronger cytotoxic immune response.
A
B
14
Q
- Which of the following is the most common adjuvant used in vaccines?
a) Aluminum Phosphate (Alum)
b) Vitamin C
c) Formaldehyde
d) Sodium chloride
e) Calcium carbonate
A
A
15
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a killed or inactivated vaccine?
a) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
b) Polio vaccine
c) Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine
d) Influenza nasal spray vaccine
e) Smallpox vaccine
A
B
16
Q
- Which of the following is a key feature of recombinant DNA vaccines?
a) They use live attenuated viruses to stimulate immunity.
b) They contain a virus-like particle that mimics the pathogen’s surface.
c) They are derived from purified toxins of the pathogen.
d) They use DNA from the pathogen to stimulate an immune response.
e) They stimulate only the innate immune response.
A
D
