8.4 Infectious Brain Disorders Flashcards
- fatal neurodegenerative disorder due to protease resistant prion protein
- rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, visual, cerebellar signs, pyramidal dysfunction, akinetic mutism
creutzfeld-jakob disease
EEG in CJD shows periodic _______ waves, and CSF shows elevated _________ protein
sharp, 14-3-3
triad of findings in CJD?
neuronal loss, gliosis, and spongiform change
may see amyloid _______ plaques in CJD composed of prion protein
kuru
inflammation of leptomeninges and CSF within the subarachnoid space
- fever, headache, confusion, nuchal rigidiity
- CSF cloudy, neutrophils, increased pressure, decreased glucose
meningitis
- neonates: Ecoli, group B strep, Listeria monocytogenes
- young adults: N. meningitidis
- older adults: strep pneumonia, : monocytogenes
acute pyogenic meningitis
- localized necrosis of brain tissue with accompanying inflammation
- due to strep and staph
- source: hematogenous or local infection of sinuses
brain abscess
in brain abscess center of ring like lesion contains _________, rim contains ________, and surrounding is ____________
- necrosis, neutrophils
- granulation tissue, fibrous capsule
- edema and gliosis
- protozoan
- necrotic abscesses and ring enhancing lesions
- cyst is defining structure
- cat is definitive host
- immunosuppressed (AIDS) most at risk
toxoplasmosis
- 85% have debilitating illness
- mucoid encapsulated yeasts, PAS highlighted capsule
- subacute or chronic meningitis
- parenchymal invasion (soap bubbles)
- treat with fluconazole
cryptococcus neoformans
- teens and young adults
- temporal lobes, inferior frontal lobes
- chronic inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, cowdry A intranuclear inclusions
- dx with CSF pcr
herpes simplex encephalitis
- enterovirus infection, CNS secondarily involved
- spinal cord infection: flaccid paralysis, muscle wasting, hyporeflexia
poliomyelitis
polio involves inflammation and nueronophagia of ___________, with no inclusion bodies
anterior horn cells
- intraaxonal transport to CNS
- acute neurologic symptoms, brain edema, inflammation
- fatal in nonimmunized hosts
rabies (rhabdovirus)
in rabies, intracytoplasmic inclusions in purkinje cells and hippocampus
negri bodies
diffuse encephalopathy in subset of late stage AIDS
HIV encephalitis
pathognomic reaction in HIV encephalitis?
multinucleated giant cells, HIV p24+
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis occurs years after early age infection of?
measles
- cognitive decline, spasticity of limbs, seizures
- gliosis, myelin degeneration, viral inclusions, chronic encephalitis, and neurofibrillary tangles
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
