5.2 Central Motor Systems-Descending

Question 1

location of lesion?

• severe atrophy
• hypoactive reflexes
• hypotonic
• no movement

Answer 1

muscle (myopathy)

Question 2

location of lesion?

• weak, paretic or paralyzed
• atrophy may be present
• hypoactive or absent reflexes
• hypotonic (flaccid)
• fasciculations

Answer 2

LMN lesion

Question 3

location of lesion?

• weak or paralyzed
• mild atrophy from disuse
• hyperactive (spastic), sometimes flaccid at first
• hypertonic (claspknife or spastic)
• withdrawal spasms, abnormal reflexes (babinksi)

Answer 3

UMN (corticospinal, corticobulbar)

Question 4

________ tract terminates on cranial nerve nuclei

Answer 4

corticobulbar

Question 5

in extrapyramidal tracts, muscle tone is ________, equal throughout passive movement (rigidity) or intermittent (cogwheel)

Answer 5

plastic

Question 6

in extrapyramidal tracts, hypertonus is generalized bu predominates in _________ of limbs and trunks

Answer 6

flexors

Question 7

in extrapyramidal tracts, , tendon reflexes are ________ or ________

Answer 7

normal or slightly increased

Question 8

in extrapyramidal tracts, babinksi sign is ________

Answer 8

absent

Question 9

the rubrospinal tract originates in the ________, travels in the lateral column, terminates on _______ in the spinal cord

Answer 9

red nucleus, interneurons

Question 10

the rubrospinal tract controls _______, stimulates ________ and inhibits ________

Answer 10

distal limb muscles, flexors, extensors

Question 11

the reticulospinal tracts originate from ____________ of medulla and pons

Answer 11

reticular formation

Question 12

fibers from pontine reticular formation travel in ________

Answer 12

ventral column

Question 13

fibers from medullary reticular formation travel in ________

Answer 13

lateral column

Question 14

pontine tract ________ muscles, primarily extensors

Answer 14

stimulates

Question 15

medullary tract __________ muscles, primarily extensors

Answer 15

inhibits

Question 16

vestibulospinal tract originates from _______ nuclei

Answer 16

vestibular

Question 17

vestibulospinal tract terminates on interneurons and motorneurons in _______ horn, mostly ipsilateral

Answer 17

anterior/ventral

Question 18

vestibulospinal tract plays role in?

Answer 18

facilitating anti gravity muscles

Question 19

the tectospinal tract originates from __________ in the midbrain, travels in ventral column, primarily _______

Answer 19

superior colliculus, crossed

Question 20

tectospinal tract terminates on interneurons and motorneurons in ___________

Answer 20

cervical spinal cord

Question 21

tectospinal tract plays role in?

Answer 21

reflexive control of neck muscles in response to visual stimuli

Question 22

• loss of voluntary movement below level of lesion

- results from interruption of descending pathways from motor centers in brainstem and higher centers

Answer 22

paraplegia

Question 23

transection of spinal cord causes _________, loss of conscious _______ below level of lesion, and initial loss of ________ due to spinal shock

Answer 23

paraplegia, sensation, reflexes

Question 24

effect of lesion to lateral corticospinal tract?

Answer 24

loss of fine motor control

Question 25

effect of lesion to rubrospinal tract?

Answer 25

little or no deficity if corticospinal tract intact

Question 26

effect of lesion to reticulopsinal tract?

Answer 26

severe impairment of axial and proximal muscles, loss of righting reflexes

Question 27

effect of lesion to vestibulospinal tract?

Answer 27

severe impairment of axial/proximal muscles, lossof righting reflexes

Question 28

decerebrate posture results from damaged to __________

Answer 28

upper brainstem

Question 29

arms adducted and extended, wrist pronated and fingers flexed, legs stiffly extended, plantarflexion of feet

Answer 29

decerebrate posture

Question 30

decorticate posture results from damage to ___________

Answer 30

one or both corticospinal tracts