6.13 Hearing Disorders

Question 1

human hearing thresholds are represented as an?

Answer 1

audiogram

Question 2

impaired conduction of sound through the external and middle ear up to the inner

Answer 2

conductive hearing disorder

Question 3

pathology of the inner ear (sensory, cochlea) usually involving death of hair cells or 8th nerve (neural)

Answer 3

sensorineural hearing disorder

Question 4

CNS damage, relatively uncommon

Answer 4

central hearing disorder

Question 5

differential diagnosis of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss is accomplished by comparison of _______ and ______ thresholds

Answer 5

air conduction and bone conduction

Question 6

normal route by which airborne sound reaches cochlea

Answer 6

air conduction

Question 7

vibrating probe is applied to the skull, vibrations are transmitted directly to cochlea bypassing middle ear

Answer 7

bone conduction

Question 8

hearing loss seen with air conduction testing gives what type of hearing loss?

Answer 8

conductive plus sensorineural

Question 9

hearing loss seen with bone conduction testing gives what type of hearing loss?

Answer 9

only sensorineural

Question 10

hearing loss for air and bone conduction, air conduction loss is greater than bone conduction loss

Answer 10

mixed conductive and sensorineural loss

Question 11

in sensorineural sound louder in normal ear, in conductive sound louder in ear with conductive loss

Answer 11

Weber test

Question 12

in conductive won’t hear sound when fork held outside ear, in sensorineural will hear sound briefly with bone conduction and will hear with fork outside ear

Answer 12

Rinne test

Question 13

• rapid, objective, noninvasive test
• measure of 8th nerve and central auditory pathway
• recorded using surface electrodes

Answer 13

auditory brainstem response

Question 14

• measure of outer hair cell function
• recorded using small microphone in ear canal
• detected in the presence of normal or near normal hearing

Answer 14

otoacoustic emissions

Question 15

apsirin, aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin), loop diuretics (furosemide), cisplatin, quinine

Answer 15

ototoxic drugs

Question 16

which hair cells are more vulnerable to damage?which lead to more devastating effects on hearing loss?

Answer 16

outer hair cells, inner hair cells

Question 17

loss of all IHCs leads to _______, loss of all OHCs results in _________

Answer 17

deafness, 30-40 dB hearing loss

Question 18

• fluctuating hearing loss
• rotational vertigo
• tinnitus
• aural fullness
• idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops

Answer 18

Meniere’s disease

Question 19

treatment for Meniere’s disease?

Answer 19

low salt diets, diuretics

Question 20

perception of phantom sound (ringing, hissing, clanging) that often occurs in absence of actual sound

Answer 20

tinnitus

Question 21

tinnitus often accompanies ___________

Answer 21

cochlear hair cell loss

Question 22

tinnitus often seems to be of _______ origin

Answer 22

CNS