6.14 Learning and Memory Flashcards
implicit and unconscious memory, motor, striatum and cerebellum
non-declarative memory
explicit and conscious memory, perceptual/executive, episodic and semantic
declarative memory
immediate memory, lasts milliseconds, most is not committed to memory
sensory/immediate memory
attention to retain new info for a few minutes, related to cortex and synapse function
working memory
lasts seconds to minutes, ability to convert recent experiences to long term
short term memory
memories are stored diffusely throughout the _________
cerebral cortex
the __________ is involved in converting short term to long term memory, not stored here
limbic circuits
in working memory, attention is located in ______________ cortex, retention of info for seconds to minutes
dorsolateral prefrontal
long term memory, processed in limbic circuits, retention of info for hours to years, uses _____________
synaptic remodeling
memories are consolidated through long term potentiation, and new proteins to strengthen connections using ________
NMDA receptor
the process of forgetting long term memories
long term depression
Papez circuit: hippocampus –> _______ –> mammillary bodies of hypothalamus –> ________ of thalamus –> ________ gyrus –> cingulum –> hippocampus
fornix
anterior nucleus
cingulate
inability to put working into long term, due to bilateral hippocampus/papez circuit lesions
short term memory deficit
-digit span-immediate recall
-5 to 7 unrelated words or numbers
-repeating a brief story
all assess?
working memory (attention)
-orientation to time and place
-remembering a word list for 3 minutes
assess?
short term memory (transfer to long term)
fund of information, past presidents, significant dates assess?
long term memory
aka delirium, presents with high fever, confusion, lethargy, inability to store long term
acute global brain failure
only memory affected, inability to transfer working memory to long term memory, attentive but confused
isolated amnestic syndrome
midline isolated amnestic syndrome would affect?
thalamus, frontal, basilar artery occlusion
diffuse isolated amnestic syndrome caused by?
thiamine deficiency, anoxia (hippocampus very sensitive), and trauma
intact short term and working memory, abnormal long term memory, physiologically impossible, psychogenic
hollywood amnesia
- forget specific dates and people’s names
- remember what they forgot
- track ongoing events, memory deficit inconsistent
- no impairment in social/occupational functioning
normal aging
long term memory is okay but short term memory deficit, affects hippocampus
early Alzheimer’s disease
neocortical damage, long term memory affected
late Alzheimer’s disease
amnesia usually due to trauma, difficulty retrieving long term memory, before the traumatic event
retrograde memory loss
amnesia, usually due to trauma, inability to make new, retrievable memories
anterograde memory loss
metabolic etiology, acute untreated or chronic thiamine deficiency, lesions of the dorsal medial thalamic nuclei and mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy/Korsakoff’s psychosis
in korsakoff’s psychosis there is little or no acquisition of ______ information, impaired retrieval of _______ memory, and confabulation
new, old/historical
- visual problems: right visual field defect
- alert, fluent speech, no gaze preference
- poor short term memory
- normal strength, sensation, and reflexes
posterior cerebral artery lesion
