7.3 CNS Vasculature

Question 1

medial medullary syndrome (alternating hypoglossal hemiplegia) would cause damage to the ________ artery and would damage what 3 structures?

Answer 1

anterior spinal artery

-medial lemniscus, corticospinal fibers, hypoglossal nerve/nucleus

Question 2

damage to the hypoglossal nerve in medial medullary syndrome causes what deficits?

Answer 2

ispilateral flaccid paralysis of tongue, deviation toward side of lesion

Question 3

lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg’s) involves damage to the __________ artery, and damages what structures?

Answer 3

PICA
-ALS, spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus, nucleus ambiguus (roots of IX and X), descedning hypothalamic fibers, vestibular nuclei, inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body), and spinocerebellar fibers

Question 4

damage to the nucleus ambiguus (roots of IX and X) causes what deficits?

Answer 4

dysphagia, hoarseness, diminished gag reflex, soft palate paralysis

Question 5

damage to descending hypothalamic fibers in lateral medullary syndrome causes what deficits?

Answer 5

ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

Question 6

medial pontine syndrome results from occlusion of the _____________ artery

Answer 6

paramedian branches of the basilar artery

Question 7

medial pontine syndrome causes deficits to what cranial nerve? what deficit?

Answer 7

abducens nerve/nucleus, ispsilateral abducens ophthalmoplegia

Question 8

in right abducens othalmoplegia, the right eye cannot look to the _______ because of damage to the _______

Answer 8

right, lateral rectus

Question 9

lateral pontine syndrome results from occlusion of the ______________ artery

Answer 9

long circumferential branch of basilar artery

Question 10

damage to the middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, vestibular and cochlear nerves and nuclei, facial motor nucleus, trigeminal motor nucleus

Answer 10

lateral pontine syndrome

Question 11

medial mibrain syndrome (alternating oculomotor hemiplegia, Weber’s syndrome) results from occlusion of the ______________ artery

Answer 11

paramedian branches of basilar bifurcation and P1 segment

Question 12

medial midbrain syndrome involves damage to the __________ nerve and _________ fibers

Answer 12

oculomotor, corticobulbar

Question 13

damage to the oculomotor nerve in medial midbrain syndrome would cause what deficit?

Answer 13

ipsilateral oculomotor opthalmoplegia, eye pulled lateral and downward b/c of superior oblique and lateral rectus intact

Question 14

damage to the corticobulbar fibers in medial midbrain syndrome would cause what deficit?

Answer 14

UMN paralysis of contralateral lower face and contralateral deviation of tongue protrusion

Question 15

perforating branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply _______ and _______

Answer 15

midbrain, posterior thalamus

Question 16

cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply undersurface of ______ lobe, and ________ and _____ cortexes

Answer 16

temporal, occipital and visual

Question 17

disease of P1 segment or penetrating branches cause what deficit?

Answer 17

midbrain, subthalamic, and thalamic signs (upper alternating hemiplegia/Weber’s), ipsi oculomotor opthalmoplegia and contralateral hemiplegia

Question 18

occlusion of cortical branches of P2 segment of PCA would cause what deficit?

Answer 18

cortical temporal and occipital lobe signs

Question 19

damage to the thalamogeniculate artery?

Answer 19

thalamic syndrome-contralateral hemisensory loss, burning pain in affected areas, hemiparesis, hemiballismus, intention tremor, ataxia

Question 20

infarction of the medial temporal and occipital lobes would cause ________ homonymous hemianopia with __________

Answer 20

contralateral, macular sparing

Question 21

medial temporal lobe and hippocampal lesion would cause acute disturbances in ________

Answer 21

memory

Question 22

superior division of MCA supplies lateral surface of _____ and ______ lobes above the _____________

Answer 22

frontal and parietal, lateral sulcus

Question 23

symptoms of superior division MCA stroke would be ________ hemiparesis of face, hand, arm with sparing of _______, _______deviation of head/eyes

Answer 23

contralateral, leg and foot, ipsilateral

Question 24

dominant hemisphere superior MCA stroke would cause _________ due to damage of _______ area

Answer 24

motor (expressive) aphasia, Broca’s

Question 25

Inferior MCA division supplies the _________ surface of the temporal lobe below the _______ sulcus

Answer 25

lateral, lateral

Question 26

dominant hemisphere inferior division stroke leads to ____________ aphasia

Answer 26

Wernicke’s

Question 27

nondominant hemisphere inferior branch infarcts may lead to a __________ neglect and agitated state

Answer 27

left visual field

Question 28

inferior division MCA infarcts on either side yield a superior ________ or homonymous __________ due to damage to optic radiations

Answer 28

quadrantanopsia, hemianopsia

Question 29

lenticulostriate arteries are penetrating branches of the ______ segment of the MCA, and supply ___________ structures

Answer 29

M1, basal ganglia

Question 30

occlusion of lenticulostriate arteries may cause _____ hemiparesis and sensory deficit due to damage of corticospinal fibers and ________ fibers that run in posterior limb of internal capsule

Answer 30

contralateral, thalamosensory

Question 31

occlusion of lenticulostriate arteries would cause _______ ataxia due to damage of frontopontine fibers in the ________ limb of the internal capsule

Answer 31

contralateral, anterior

Question 32

occlusion of lenticulostriate arteries would cause __________ lower face hemiparesis due to damage of _________ fibers in the genu of internal capsule

Answer 32

contralateral, corticobulbar

Question 33

bilateral occlusion of ACA results in infarction of ________ surface of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 33

anteromedial

Question 34

bilateral occlusion of ACA would cause paraplegia affecting __________ and sparing the _________, abulia, and _______ incontinence

Answer 34

lower extremities, face and hands, urinary

Question 35

unilateral occlusion of the ACA would give ________ sensorimotor deficits mainly involving the _______ extremity

Answer 35

contralateral, lower extremity

Question 36

occlusion of the ophthalmic artery causes painless, ____________, which is often transient and known as __________

Answer 36

ipsilateral blindess, amaurosis fugax

Question 37

abulia or stupor, contralateral homonymous hemianopia, contra hemiplegia, contra hemisensory disturbance, gaze preference, partial Horner’s, global aphasia, unilateral neglect in non-dominant hemispheric lesions

Answer 37

internal carotid artery occlusion