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3 IIH > 8.3 T and b cell co-operation > Flashcards

8.3 T and b cell co-operation Flashcards

1
Q

What type of BCR do naive B cells produce?

A

IgM

IgD

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2
Q

What type of BCR do switched B cells produce?

A

IgG
IgE
IgA

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3
Q

Why do we have background IgM?

A

helps control pathogens and clear dead host cells

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4
Q

What is the primary response to a T-dependent antigen like?

A

lag phase of about a week
response to antigen, plateau phase and decrease

not down to zero

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5
Q

What is the primary response to a T-independent antigen like?

A

immediate response, but decreases down to 0

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6
Q

What is the secondary response to a T-dependent antigen like?

A

higher speed and amplitude

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7
Q

What is the secondary response to a T-independent antigen like?

A

identical to the primary response

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8
Q

How can lymphocytes increase the likelihood that they will encounter their specific antigen?

A

move around in the blood!

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9
Q

How can CD4 T cells present antigen to B cells more efficiently?

A

antigen presenting cells brought into the same place where T cells and B cells are found (spleen, lymph nodes)

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10
Q

How many lymphocytes might be found in the blood at any one given time?

A

not that much, most are found in peripheral tissues

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11
Q

Why are there lots of lymphocytes in the gut?

A

because there are lots of antigens

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12
Q

How do lymphocytes enter the lymph node?

A

HEV

high endothelial vessels

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13
Q

How long do lymphocytes hang out in the lymph nodes?

A

12-24 hours, they then go away

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14
Q

How do lymphocytes rejoin the blood from the lymph?

A

thoracic duct emptying into the the venous circulation

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15
Q

What goes on in the paracortex of the lymph nodes?

A

T cells and dendritic cells meet and chat

adaptive immunity starts here

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16
Q

What goes on in the lymph node medulla?

A

plasma cells and macrophage hang here

plasma cells can just release antibodies into the circulation here

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17
Q

What happens in the follicles of the lymph nodes?

A

B cells and follicular dendritic cells chill

germinal centres form here

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18
Q

What are the 2 tissues types in the spleen?

A

red pulp

white pulp

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19
Q

What are the areas of the white pulp of the spleen?

A 
T zone
Follicles
extrafollicular focus
marginal zone
germinal centres
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20
Q

What happens in the T zone?

A

cells cross communicate

DC, T, and B cells interact to start immune reactions

21
Q

what sort of cells are found in splenic follicles?

A

B cells

22
Q

Why do infants not respond well to some vaccines?

A

the marginal zone takes years to develop, and it is where you get marginal zone B cells

23
Q

Why are T-independent antibody responses kinda puny?

A

there are no Germinal Centres involved

24
Q

In what 2 pathways do antibody responses develop?

A

extrafollicular

germinal centre responses

25
Q

What kind of response uses the extrafollicular pathway?

A

Ti and TD

26
Q

What kind of response uses the germinal centre response?

A

TD

27
Q

What is the difference between B cell and Dentritic cell antigen uptake?

A

specificity

DC - non-specific, taking them in by pinocytosis

B cells - antigen bound by B-cell surface receptor

28
Q

how do CD4 T follicular helper cells positively select B cells?

A

recognising peptide presented through MHCII by B cells

29
Q

What happens to T cells in the follicular T zone?

A

sognate interaction of primed T and Ag-activated B cells

30
Q

What happens to T cells in the follicular medulla?

A

extrafollicular plasmablast growth resulting in rapid ab production

31
Q

What sorts of antibody are produced in the GC?

A 
high affinity
class switched to IgG or IgA
32
Q

What are centroblasts?

A

proliferating GC B cells that undergo somatic hypermutation

33
Q

Where are centroblasts found?

A

dark zone

34
Q

What are centrocytes?

A

GC B cells that have undergone affinity maturation and are out of the cell cycle

35
Q

Where are centrocytes?

A

light zone

36
Q

What are FDCs?

A

Follicular dendritic cells

have intact antigen in its native conformation bound to their surface and Cc compete to bind this antigen

37
Q

Where are FDCs?

A

light zone

38
Q

What are Follicular T helper cells?

A

GC T cells that give survival signals to Cc after they come out of the dark zone

39
Q

Where are follicular t helper cells?

A

light zone

40
Q

What is AID and what does it do?

A

activation induced cytidine deaminase

expressed in B cells and facilitates class switching

41
Q

What does BCL-6 do?

A

master transcription factor for committment of GC B cells

required for generation of TfH cells

42
Q

Where are germinal centres found?

A

spleen

lymph nodes

43
Q

What can B cells generate after priming?

A

extrafollicular responses

GC responses

44
Q

how can antibodies increase avidity?

A

somatic hypermutation

45
Q

How can antibodies increase affinity?

A

affinity mutation

46
Q

What happens in the dark zone?

A

B cells entering the GC response first form rapidly dividing centroblasts

each undergoes random point mutations within its’ IG V region

47
Q

What do centrocytes do?

A

compete for antigen held in immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells

if they have high affinity antigen receptors, they can seek out antigen specific Th cells for cognate interaction to receive rescue signals

48
Q

How do positively selected centrocytes leave the GC?

A

as plasma cells

or memory B cells

3 IIH (23 decks)

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