10.1 Clinical Autoimmunity

Question 1

How do we maintain T cell tolerance centrally?

Answer 1

thymic positive selection

thymic negative selection

Question 2

How do we maintain T cell tolerance peripherally?

Answer 2

ognorance
anergy
cell death
suppression

Question 3

How do we maintain B cell tolerance centrally?

Answer 3

bone marrow or early antigen encounter pre-lymphoid tissue

deletion or anergy

Question 4

How do we maintain B cell tolerance peripherally?

Answer 4

Lack of T cell help

Question 5

In what condition do we have a loss of T cell ignorance?

Answer 5

sympathetic opthalmia

Question 6

In what condition is there a loss of T cell suppression?

Answer 6

loss of Treg function in RA

Question 7

What is the mechanism for disease in paroxysmal cold haematuria?

Answer 7

auto-antibodies cause complement dependent lysis

Question 8

What is the mechanism behind most haemolytic anaemias?

Answer 8

auto-antibodies causing opsonisation

Question 9

What causes SLE?

Answer 9

autoantibodies causing immune complexes

Question 10

What causes Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 10

AChR blockage

Question 11

What might antibodies to erythrocytes cause?

Answer 11

haemolytic anaemia

Question 12

What might antibodies to AChR cause?

Answer 12

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 13

What AI diseases are associated with thyroid tissue?

Answer 13

Graves

Hashimoto’s

Question 14

What AI diseases are associated with kidney AND lung tissue?

Answer 14

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 15

What AI disease is associated with the pancreas?

Answer 15

DM

Question 16

What AI disease is associated with Parietal cells?

Answer 16

pernicious anaemia

Question 17

What AI disease is associated with the adrenal gland?

Answer 17

Addison’s disease

Question 18

What happens in Hashimoto’s?

Answer 18

antibodies and cells destroy the thyroid

Question 19

What are the antibodies against in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 19

TSH receptor
Thyroid peroxidase
Thyroglobulin

Question 20

What happens in Grave’s?

Answer 20

antibodies against the thyroid antigens

Question 21

What do the autoantibodies in Grave’s also stimulate?

Answer 21

orbital fat cells
muscle cells
fibroblasts

Question 22

What happens in goodpastures syndrome?

Answer 22

specific antigbodies to the capillary BM of glomerulus and lung alveoli

often put ona ventilator and dialysis

Question 23

What tissues does SLE usually target?

Answer 23

joints
kidney
skin vasculature
CNS

Question 24

What effect might RA have on your joints?

Answer 24

inflammation

destruction

Question 25

Name 4 problems associated with RA other than joint issues

Answer 25

Nodules
eye inflammation
lung fibrosis
vasculitis

Question 26

What is vasculitis?

Answer 26

blood vessel inflammation

Question 27

Who has Rheumatoid factor?

Answer 27

everyone, problems arise when they become measurable though

Question 28

What is Rheumatoid factor?

Answer 28

antibodies to Fc of IgG

Question 29

What problem is associated with Rheumatoid Factor?

Answer 29

it is non-specific, which is annoying!

Question 30

what is Anti-CCP?

Answer 30

anti - cyclic citrullinated peptide

Question 31

What is good about the anti-CCP test?

Answer 31

doesn’t have the lack of specificity that Rheumatoid factor has

Question 32

What isn’t good about the anti-CCP test?

Answer 32

it lacks sensitivity, so you can’t use it to rule out or diagnose RA

Question 33

Where is the HLA gene found?

Answer 33

short arm of chromosome 6

Question 34

What is the gene for MHC class II called?

Answer 34

HLA DRB1

Question 35

What does PTPN22 code for?

Answer 35

a molecule involved in T cell activation

Question 36

Who is more likely to develop RA?

Answer 36

those with more copies of HLA DRB1, PTPN22, and if you smoke