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3 IIH > 6.1 Recognition by the Adaptive Immune System > Flashcards

6.1 Recognition by the Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the transmembrane domain of lymphocyte receptors?

A

mediate the intracellular mechanism associated with that receptor

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2
Q

What is the Fab domain?

A

Fragment antigen binding domain

the top section

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3
Q

What is the Fc domain?

A

Fragment Crystalisable domain (constant region)

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4
Q

Where are the heavy and light chains?

A

the heavy chain is in both the Fab and Fc domains

light chain just in the Fab domain

linked by hinge regions

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5
Q

What is a germline mutation?

A

mutations that pass their genetic materail directly and faithfully to offspring

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6
Q

What is a somatic mutation?

A

not passed no to offsprping (often epigenetic, associated with cancers)

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7
Q

What segments of the BCR are significant for germline diversity?

A

V, D and J segments (Fad region)

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8
Q

Where are the genes for light chains found?

A

lambda - chromosome 22

kappa - chromosome 2

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9
Q

Where are the genes for the heavy chains found?

A

chromosome 14

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10
Q

Where are the genes for TCR alpha chains found?

A

chromosome 14

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11
Q

where are the genes for TCR beta chains found?

A

chromosome 7

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12
Q

What is the process of gene rearrangement for BCR?

A

the heavy chain rearranges its gene segments first, and then the light chain

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13
Q

What segments do heavy chains have?

A

V, D, J, and C

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14
Q

what segments do light chains have?

A

V, J, and C

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15
Q

What is the structure of the TCR?

A

alpha and beta chains

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16
Q

what is the process of gene rearrangement for TCR?

A

beta chain rearrangement occurs first with V, D, J segments

alpha chains are similar to light chains and will rearrange next

17
Q

What does RAG do?

A

recombinase activating gene

coordinates V (D) J rearrangement
excises and reapirs DNA, looping out specific segments
18
Q

What does TdT do?

A

coordinates point mutations

19
Q

What is the difference in functionality between TCR and BCR?

A

BCR are able to be secreted by the cell, this is not true for TCR!

20
Q

How do B cells recognise antigens?

A

immunoglobulin can recognise the whole antigen through their suface molecules or patterns

21
Q

How do T cells recognise antigens?

A

pathogen require processing by antigen presenting cells (through MHC), presenting the processed antigen to T cells through the T cell receptor

22
Q

How was MHC found?

A

during transplant research, there was lysis of leukocytes when mixed in culture

23
Q

What are the types of MHC class I?

A

HLA A, B, C

24
Q

what are the types of MHC class II?

A

HLA DR, DP, and DQ

25
Q

why do we have 2 classes of MHC?

A

we want to present to different T cells

26
Q

What type of cell does MHC Class I present to?

A

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells

27
Q

What type of cell does MHC Class II present to?

A

CD4 T helper cells

28
Q

What does Class I MHC present?

What is the significance of this?

A

peptide derived from the protein produced within the cell, or from an intracellular pathogen

important role in presenting self to the immune system

29
Q

What does Class II MHC present?

A

peptide taken up from outside the cell

30
Q

What does TCR engagement do?

A

activates the lymphocyte to proliferate and respond

31
Q

What is the TCR complex surrounded by?

A

costimulatory molecules

32
Q

What types of cells express MHC class I?

A

all other than non nucleated (RBC) cells

33
Q

What types of cells express MHC class II?

A

only lymphoid cells

34
Q

What is the significance of MHC genes being highly polymorphic?

A

we respond to infection differently, and the way the infection is presented to the immune system differs

35
Q

What is significant about MHC gene expression?

A

it is co-dominant, so we see equal mixing

36
Q

what does having different MHC alleles actually do?

A

results in changes in the peptide binding cleft, altering peptide : MHC interactions

3 IIH (23 decks)

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