8.3 Study Guide

Question 1

Central dogma

Answer 1

DNA transcribes to RNA which translates to Proteins

Question 2

Transcription meaning

Answer 2

Making RNA

Question 3

Base pairing

Answer 3

A - U
C - G

Question 4

Promoter

Answer 4

Start site of transcription
Signals TF the RNA polymerase attach

Question 5

Enhancer

Answer 5

Additional binding site for TF
Controls how much RNA is made from a gene

Question 6

Exons

Answer 6

Sequences that will be present in mRNA
Exit nucleus

Question 7

Introns

Answer 7

Will be spliced out and removed
In trash

Question 8

Initiation

Answer 8

TF bind to promoter, attract and prepare RNA polymerase to start copying the gene

Question 9

Elongation

Answer 9

RNA polymerase breaks free of TF
Add protective 5’ cap to RNA
Proteins splice out introns

Question 10

Termination

Answer 10

Sequence is recognized and cut
PolyA tail added to end of RNA molecule

Question 11

Alternative splicing

Answer 11

Produce many proteins from same gene
Keep different exon combinations
Different RNA sequences = different protein structures/functions