8.2 Crystals in acidic Urine Flashcards

1
Q

Description:
- Yellow-brown
- Pleomorphic
- Birefringent

Solubility: Soluble in alkali (NaOH)

Significance: Gout, Leukemia, chemotherapy

a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Significance: Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Description:
- “Brick dust”
- Pink in color due to uroerythin

Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May rever bact to uric Acid after addition of Conc. HCl or GAA

Significance: Ref

a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Description:
- Colorless birefringent needles

Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May revert back to Uric Acid upon addition of concentrated HCL or GAA

Significance: (RARE) More commonly encountered in synovial fluid with patients with gout (Monosodium Urate

a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Description:
- Small brown spheres

Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat (60C)
- May revert back to Uric Acid upon addition of concentrated HCL or GAA

Significance: (RARE)

a. Uric acid
b. Amorphous urates
c. Acid urate
d. Sodium urate

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Description:
- Colorless envelope (Dihydrate)
- Oval or Dumbbell (Monohydrate)

Solubility:
- Soluble in DILUTED HCl

Significance:
- Physiologic: ↑ tomatoes, asparagus, ascorbic acid
- Pathologic: Renal Calculi, Ethylene Glycol or Antifreeze Poisoning

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Description:
- Colorless Needles or prisms identical to Ca phosphate

Solubility:
- Soluble in Acetic acid

Significance:
- None

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Description:
- Yellow-brown or colorless needles, rhombic plates, or prisms

Solubility:
- Soluble in Hot water/alkali

Significance:
- Ingestion of food presrvatives containing benzoic acid

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Description:
- Colorless, hexagonal plates
- similar to uric acid

Solubility:
- Soluble in DILUTED HCl and AMMONIA

Significance:
- Fanconi Syndrome

a. Calcium oxalate
b. Calcium sulfate
c. Hippuric acid
d. Cystine

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Description:
- Yellow-brown oily-looking spheres with concentric and radial striations

Solubility:
- Soluble in hot alcohol or alkali

Significance:
- Severe liver disease, MSUD

a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Description:
- Fine refractile needles that form clumps or rosettes

Solubility:
- Soluble in alkali and heat

Significance:
- Severe liver disease (If seen with leucine/bilirubin) Tyrosinuria (IEB-enzyme-deficiency, rancid odor)

a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Description:
- Clumped (deep) yellow needles or ganuled

Solubility:
- Soluble in chloroform, HCl, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, ether

Significance:
- Severe liver disease (if seen with leucine/tyrosine)
- Biliary obstruction (obstructive jaundice)

a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol

A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Description:
- Notched plates or notched rhombic plates
- Highly birefringent
- Similar to radiographic dye

Solubility:
- Soluble in chloroform

Significance:
- Nephrotic syndrome

a. Leucine
b. Tyrosine
c. Bilirubin
d. Cholesterol

A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Description:
- Specific Gravity: >1.040 (RD) following radiographic contrast media administration

Solubility:
- 10% NaOH

Significance:
- SG: >1.040

a. Radiographic dye
b. Sulfonamide
c. Ampicillin

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Description:
- Needles, Rossettes, or shape of wheat
- Latrogenic

Solubility:
- Acetone

Significance:
- Indicates inadequate hydration may cause tubular damage
- Patient must be hydrated to avoid precipitation of these crystals

a. Radiographic dye
b. Sulfonamide
c. Ampicillin

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Description:
- May form bundles following Ref
- Latrogenic

Solubility:
- No solvent
- When refrigerated ampicillin crystals may form bundles

Significance:
- Indicates inadequate hydration may cause tubular damage

a. Radiographic dye
b. Sulfonamide
c. Ampicillin

A

c