7.1 Casts Flashcards
Casts is unique to the kidney which can distinguish upper or lower involvement
T or F
T
If cast is seen, nephron is involved
T or F
T
If no cast is seen, Upper UTI is usually associated
T or F
F
Lower
Casts are ONLY formed in the renal tubules
T or F
T
Site of formation for Casts:
Lumen of _____ convoluted tubules and __________ duct
Distal
Collecting
Factors for Cast:
- Increase Concentration of solutes
- ____ pH
- Stasis of urine flow
- Tamm-horsfall protein (Uromodulin)
Acid
Primary component of the cast’s matrix, A protein produced by renal tubular Epith. Cells
Tamm-Horsfall protein
The Tamm Horsfall protein will aggregate forming fibril. The fibril will interweave and the interweaving of fibrils will now lead to the formation of _______ cast
hyaline
An empty matrix and prototype of all cast, Matrix is sticky and adheres to the wall of renal tubule
Hyaline cast
when there is stasis in the urine flow, it will give the cell within the matrix an ample time to undergo degeneration and this degeneration upcells within the cast matrix will give rise to the _______ cast
Granular
Initially Coarse granular cast will become fine granular cast with continued stasis. IF the Stasis is severe, the fine granular fast will become _______ cast
Waxy
Major component: Tamm Horsfall protein or uromodulin
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
a
Low refractive index
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
a
Jagged ends and notches; easily fragmented
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
c
High Refractive index
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
c
Normal no: 0-2/lpf
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
a
Normal no.: 0-1 / lpf
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
b
Significant in Chronic granulonephritis and pyelonephritis renal failure
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
c
Significant either pathological or non pathologic
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
a
Significant in Congestive heart failure and renal disease
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
a
Significant in Strenous exercise
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
b
Also known as renal failure cast
Broad Waxy cast
Upper UTI
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
d. WBC cast
e. RTE cell cast
d
acute interstitial nephritis
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
d. WBC cast
e. RTE cell cast
d
Tubular injury
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
d. WBC cast
e. RTE cell cast
e
Infection and inflammation
a. Hyaline cast
b. Granular Cast
c. Waxy Cast
d. WBC cast
e. RTE cell cast
d
If you are performing strenuous exercise, hyaline cast, RBC cast, and granular cast may be seen in your urine. This is called A______ P________
Athletic Pseudonephritis
the condition progresses which
may lead to chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic pyelonephritis, what cast can be seen?
Granular cast
Waxy cast is usually broad because it is formed during conditions under extreme stasis
T or F
T
Typical cast forms in DCT and the other is in Ascending loops of Henle
Cylindroid
