8.1 Cell replication Flashcards
1
Q
What is the purpose of cell replication in multicellular organisms?
A
- Restoring the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio
- Growth and development
- Maintenance and repair
2
Q
What is the purpose of cell replication in unicellular organisms?
A
To reproduce
3
Q
How do prokaryotes (bacteria) replicate?
A
Through an exponential process known as binary fission.
4
Q
Explain the process of binary fission:
A
- DNA is copied to create 2, circular molecules
- The cell grows until it has doubled in size
- The 2 DNA molecules are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
- A new cell wall and membrane are made in the middle, dividing the cells into 2 equal halves (daughter cells
5
Q
What is exponential division?
A
When the total number of cells doubles every time the cell replicates.
e.g 2, 4, 8, 16
6
Q
How do eukaryotes replicate?
A
They exponentially replicate by mitosis followed by cytokinesis.
7
Q
What is mitosis?
A
- The process of cell division in eukaryotes where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- The division of a cell’s nucleus
8
Q
What is cytokinesis?
A
The division of the cell itself (the cytoplasm and membrane) after mitosis.
9
Q
What are eukaryotes?
A
- Protists
- Fungi
- Plants
- Animals
10
Q
What are prokaryotes?
A
Bacteria
11
Q
Out of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, which don’t contain nucleus’?
A
Prokaryotes
