2.2 Cell Organelles and their Functions Flashcards
What are the benefits of eukaryotic cells have compartments?
- It allows enzymes and chemicals to be close together in high concentrations under the right conditions
- It allows processes that require different conditions to occur at the same time in the same cell
- It makes cells less vulnerable to changes to the external environment
What is the cytoplasm?
The contents of a cell, other than the nucleus
What is cytosol?
The fluid/jelly component of the cytoplasm, in which organelles are located.
What are the nucleus and nucleolus?
Where DNA is stored in cells and contains a nucleolus where ribosomes are made.
What are ribosomes?
- They are made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (mRNA)
- Translate mRNA from the nucleus into protein
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
- Its surface is used to create protein to export
- Is called ‘rough’ because of the presence of ribosomes
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- It is involved in the synthesis of fats, phospholipids, and steroids
- Contains enzymes that help to detoxify drugs and other poisons.
Name the 2 organelles that are found in the cells of animals but not in plants:
- Centriole
- Lysosome
Name 4 organelles that are found in the cells of plants but not in animals:
- Chloroplast
- Central vacuole
- Cell wall
- Plasmodesmata
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To package and modify proteins for transport to other organelles or to secrete from the cell.
What are lysosomes?
Are the recycling bin of the cell since they contain enzymes which break unwanted matter.
What are mitochondria?
Are the energy generator of the cell since it turns glucose into ATP.
What are chloroplasts?
They contain chlorophyll (the green pigment of plants) and are involved in photosynthesis.
What are vesicles?
Small membrane-bound compartments used to store or transport materials.
What are plastids? Give an example:
Organelles that are involved in the storage of different chemical compounds.
Eg. Chloroplasts
What is the cytoskeleton made up of and what is its function?
- Made up of microtubes and protein fibers
- Supports the cell structure and acts like a highway for vesicles to be moved along to different organelles.
What are centrioles?
Pairs of cylinder structures made of microtubes which are involved in cell division and the formation of structures such as cilia and flagella.
What are cilia and flagella?
Tail and hairlike structures that help the cell move.
What is the central vacuole?
- Is usually filled with an aqueous solution of ions
- Function as in storage, waste disposal, and growth.
What is a cell membrane?
Forms the boundary of all cells and controls what substance enter and leave the cell (door and lock)
What is a cell wall?
- Is not found in animals cells
- Gives strength and rigidity to the cell
