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MED 103- BIOLOGY I > 8. THE STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES > Flashcards

8. THE STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTION OF MACROMOLECULES Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What does the word “macromolecule” mean?
A
  • macro= large
  • these are big molecules
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2
Q
  1. What determines the function of these macro molecules?
A
  • their structure
  • without the correct structure, the macro molecules cannot function
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3
Q
  1. Are biomolecules types of macro molecules?
A
  • yes
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4
Q
  1. What is another term for building blocks?
A
  • monomers
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5
Q
  1. Are lipids polymers?
    Why or why not?
A
  • they are not polymers
  • they are a type of macromolecule
  • they do not consist of the same monomer repeated over and over again
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6
Q
  1. What are macromolecules made of?
A
  • they are small organic molecules that are joined together
  • they form larger molecules within cells
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7
Q
  1. What are macromolecules?
A
  • they are large molecules
  • they have complex structures
  • composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms
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8
Q
  1. All living organisms are made up of four classes of biological macromolecules.
    Name these 4 classes?
A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • nucleic acids
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9
Q
  1. What is the definition of a bio molecule?
A
  • any chemical molecule that is a structural or functional component of living organisms
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10
Q
  1. Name the 6 chemical elements that participate in the synthesis of bio molecule structures?

SYNTHESIS= combination of elements

A
  • carbon (C)
  • hydrogen (H)
  • oxygen (O)
  • nitrogen (N)
  • sulphur (S)
  • phosphorous (P)
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11
Q
  1. Provide a definition for a polymer?
A
  • it is a long molecule
  • it consists of many similar building blocks
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12
Q
  1. Provide a definition of a monomer.
A
  • these are small building block molecules
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13
Q
  1. How many of life’s organic molecules are polymers?
    Name them.
A
  • three of them
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • nucleic acids
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14
Q
  1. What is the monomer (major subunit) of carbohydrates?
A
  • monosaccharides
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15
Q
  1. What is the monomer (major subunit) of lipids?
A
  • fatty acids
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16
Q
  1. What is the monomer (major subunit) of proteins?
A
  • amino acids
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17
Q
  1. What is the monomer (major subunit) of Nucleic acids?
A
  • nucleotides
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18
Q
  1. What is another term for the Dehydration reaction?
A
  • the condensation reaction
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19
Q
  1. What is the dehydration reaction?
A
  • it is when 2 monomers bond together
  • they do this through the loss of a water molecule
  • the joining of monomers forms polymers
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20
Q
  1. What are enzymes?
A
  • they are macromolecules that speed up the dehydration process
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21
Q
  1. What is hydrolysis?
A
  • it is a reaction that reverses the dehydration reaction
  • it is the addition of a water molecule
  • it disassembles polymers to monomers
22
Q
  1. How does the dehydration reaction occur?
A
  • one short polymer comes close to an unlinked monomer
  • this short polymer has an H atom at the end of it
  • the unlinked monomer has HO atoms at the end of it
  • the H atom and the HO atoms join together to form an H2O molecules
  • this molecule is removed through dehydration
  • this forms a new bond between the short polymer and the unlinked monomer
  • this results in a longer polymer forming
23
Q
  1. Each cell has thousands of different kinds of ___________.
A
  • macromolecules
24
Q
  1. Where do macromolecules vary amongst?
A
  • they vary amongst cells of an organism
  • they vary even more between species
25
Q
  1. What do carbohydrates served as?
A
  • they serve as fuel
  • they serve as a building material
  • we use them for energy
  • and for structural reasons
26
Q
  1. What are some examples of carbohydrates in every day life?
A
  • bread
  • pasta
  • rice
  • vegetables
  • potatoes
  • cereals
27
Q
  1. What do the terms “carbo” and “hydro” mean?
A
  • carbo means carbon
  • hydro means water
28
Q
  1. What is the molecular formula of Carbohydrates?
A
  • CH2O
  • multiples of the carbohydrate unit = (CH2O)n
29
Q
  1. What are two crucial forms of carbohydrates?
A
  • pentoses
  • hexoses
30
Q
  1. What is the molecular formula of pentose?
A
  • C5 H10 O5
31
Q
  1. What are two examples of pentoses?
A
  • ribose
  • deoxyribose
32
Q
  1. What is the molecular formula of Hexose?
A
  • C6 H12 O6
33
Q
  1. What are two examples of Hexoses?
A
  • glucose
  • fructose
34
Q
  1. What are biologically important carbohydrates known as?
A
  • sugars
35
Q
  1. What are the two examples of sugars?
A
  • monosaccharides
  • polysaccharides
36
Q
  1. What are monosaccharides?
A
  • they are the simplest carbohydrates
  • they are single sugars
  • they are a form of monomer
    (building block)
37
Q
  1. What are Polysaccharides?
A
  • they are carbohydrate polymers
  • they are composed of many sugar building blocks
38
Q
  1. What are two examples of monosaccharides?
A
  • glucose
  • fructose
39
Q
  1. What is the molecular formula for monosaccharides?
A
  • (CH2O) n
  • where n = 3-7
40
Q
  1. What are Disaccharides?
A
  • they are made up of 2 monosaccharides
41
Q
  1. Give three examples of disaccharides?
A
  • maltose
  • sucrose
  • lactose
42
Q
  1. What are Oligosaccharides?
A
  • they are composed of 20-30 monosaccharides
43
Q
  1. What are Polysaccharides?
A
  • they are composed by many glucose subunits
44
Q
  1. Gives three examples of polysaccharides?
A
  • starch
  • glycogen
  • cellulose
45
Q
  1. What is the most common saccharide?
A
  • glucose
46
Q
  1. What is the molecular formula of Glucose?
A
  • C6 H12 O6
47
Q
  1. What are the two functions of monosaccharides?
A
  • they provide fuel for cells
  • they are raw materials for building molecules
48
Q
  1. What are monosaccharides classified by?
A
  • the location of the carbonyl group
    (Aldose or ketose)
  • the number of the carbons in the carbon skeleton
49
Q
  1. What is an aldose?
A
  • it is when the Carbon and oxygen (Carbonyl) double bond is at the end of the sugar
50
Q
  1. What is a Ketose?
A
  • it is when the Carbon and Oxygen (Carbonyl) double bond is not at the end of the sugar
  • it is usually in the middle
51
Q
  1. What do sugars have many of?
A
  • OH groups
52
Q
  1. What shapes can sugars form?
A
  • they may be linear
  • but in many aqueous solutions, they form rings

MED 103- BIOLOGY I (53 decks)

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