33. EFFECTS OF LOCAL CONDITIONS ON ENZYME ACTIVITY Flashcards
1
Q
- What kind of factors affect enzymes and why?
A
- environmental factors
- they are proteins
2
Q
- What is Denaturtion?
A
- the loss of a protein’s native conformation (shape)
- this is due to unravelling
- the protein loses its structure
- the protein loses its function
3
Q
- What are the three factors that affect Enzyme Activity?
A
- pH
- Temperature
- Cofactors
4
Q
- What are Cofactors?
A
- they are non-protein enzyme helpers
- they are necessary for the function of enzymes
5
Q
- What are the two types of Cofactors?
A
- Inorganic Cofactors
- such as metal ions
- metal ions are the cofactors for myelin and
mitochondria reactions
- Coenzymes
- these are organic factors
- such as vitamins
6
Q
- What effect does Temperature have on Enzyme Activity?
A
- each enzyme has an optimal temperature
- this is the temperature in which it can function
7
Q
- What effect does pH have on Enzyme Activity?
A
- each enzyme has an optimal pH
- this is where it can function
8
Q
- What are the two types of Enzyme Inhibitors?
A
- Irreversible Inhibitors
- Reversible Inhibitors
9
Q
- What are Irreversible Inhibitors?
A
- they bind to an enzyme
- they bind via covalent bonding
- this kind of inhibition is irreversible
10
Q
- What are 3 general examples of irreversible Inhibitors?
A
- several toxins
- antibiotics
- poisons
11
Q
- What are three examples of irreversible inhibitors that inhibit nervous system enzymes?
A
- Sarin
- DDT
- Parathion
12
Q
- What do Penicillin Derivatives irreversibly inhibit?
A
- they inhibit the enzyme transpeptidase
- they synthesise the bacterial cell wall
- this cell wall is called Peptidoglycan
13
Q
- What are Reversible Inhibitors?
A
- they bind to the enzymes
- they bind using weak bonds
- such as non-covalent bonds
- this kind of inhibition is reversible
EXAMPLES OF NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS:
- H- Bonds
- Hydrophobic Interactions
- Ionic Bonds
14
Q
- What are the two types of Reversible Inhibitors?
A
- Competitive Inhibitors
- Non-Competitive Inhibitors
15
Q
- What are Competitive Inhibitors?
A
- these bind to the active site of an enzyme
- they have weak binding