8. Somatic symptom and dissociative disorders Flashcards
What are the two categories of disorders discussed in Chapter 8?
a) Mood disorders and anxiety disorders
b) Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders
c) Personality disorders and psychotic disorders
d) Eating disorders and sleep disorders
b) Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders
What characterizes somatic symptom disorders?
a) Only physical symptoms
b) Only psychological symptoms
c) Somatic symptoms and/or excessive concerns about somatic symptoms and illness
d) Symptoms of mood disorders
c) Somatic symptoms and/or excessive concerns about somatic symptoms and illness
What characterizes dissociative disorders?
a) Excessive concerns about physical health
b) Disruption in the normal integration of psychological processes
c) Mood swings
d) Persistent sleep disturbances
b) Disruption in the normal integration of psychological processes
What historical term was used to refer to many conditions now known as somatic symptom and dissociative disorders?
a) Hypochondriasis
b) Hysteria
c) Melancholia
d) Schizophrenia
b) Hysteria
What Greek word does the term “hysteria” originate from, and what does it mean?
a) Hypnos, meaning “sleep”
b) Hysterikos, meaning “suffering in the womb”
c) Hypochondrion, meaning “below the ribs”
d) Hysteros, meaning “disturbance”
b) Hysterikos, meaning “suffering in the womb”
Which psychologist is known for the “seduction theory” of hysteria? a) Jean-Martin Charcot b) Pierre Janet c) Sigmund Freud d) Emil Kraepelin
c) Sigmund Freud
What is the modern term for what was historically called “hypochondriasis”?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Illness anxiety disorder
d) Factitious disorder
c) Illness anxiety disorder
What is the key difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?
a) Presence of actual somatic symptoms in somatic symptom disorder
b) Presence of actual somatic symptoms in illness anxiety disorder
c) No health-related concerns in illness anxiety disorder
d) Focus on psychological symptoms in somatic symptom disorder
a) Presence of actual somatic symptoms in somatic symptom disorder
What is conversion disorder also known as?
a) Factitious disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
c) Somatic symptom disorder
d) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
What percentage of patients with conversion disorder do not exhibit concern for their symptoms?
a) 10%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) Not necessarily associated with conversion disorder
d) Not necessarily associated with conversion disorder
What historical figure is known for studying hysteria using hypnosis?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Pierre Janet
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
d) Carl Jung
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
What is la belle indifférence?
a) High level of concern for symptoms
b) Lack of concern for significant symptoms
c) Extreme distress about minor symptoms
d) Complete denial of symptoms
b) Lack of concern for significant symptoms
What term describes the process where a part of mental function is split off from the main part of mental function?
a) Integration
b) Conversion
c) Dissociation
d) Amnesia
c) Dissociation
What is the estimated prevalence of somatic symptom disorder in the general adult population?
a) 1-2%
b) 3-4%
c) 5-7%
d) 8-10%
c) 5-7%
What is the estimated prevalence of illness anxiety disorder in the general population?
a) 0.5-1%
b) 1.3-10%
c) 2-3%
d) 4-5%
b) 1.3-10%
What term refers to the exaggeration of somatic sensations through increased focus and attention?
a) Sensory amplification
b) Cognitive distortion
c) Somatosensory amplification
d) Behavioral reinforcement
c) Somatosensory amplification
What percentage of symptoms presented to general practitioners remain unexplained from a medical perspective?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
c) 30%
What term describes a situation where psychological factors affect a real medical condition?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
d) Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
What term refers to deliberately faking physical or psychological symptoms without external rewards?
a) Malingering
b) Factitious disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Dissociative disorder
b) Factitious disorder
What disorder involves feigning illness in another person, typically a child, for attention?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder imposed on another
d) Somatic symptom disorder
c) Factitious disorder imposed on another
What is the name of the cognitive behavioral model developed for understanding factitious disorder?
a) Beck’s cognitive model
b) Kinsella’s cognitive behavioral model
c) Freud’s psychoanalytic model
d) Charcot’s hypnosis model
b) Kinsella’s cognitive behavioral model
What personality trait is associated with somatic symptom disorders, characterized by a tendency towards negative affect?
a) Neuroticism
b) Extraversion
c) Agreeableness
d) Conscientiousness
a) Neuroticism
What term describes a diminished capacity to consciously experience or express one’s emotions?
a) Alexithymia
b) Anhedonia
c) Avolition
d) Alogia
a) Alexithymia
What is the process of experiencing and communicating mental states as physical symptoms called?
a) Conversion
b) Somatisation
c) Dissociation
d) Amplification
b) Somatisation
What percentage of patients with fibromyalgia met the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder in the study by Häuser et al. (2015)?
a) 10%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 25.6%
d) 25.6%
What term describes the reinforcement of illness behavior through increased attention and care from family members?
a) Primary gain
b) Secondary gain
c) Tertiary gain
d) Social gain
b) Secondary gain
What is a common cultural-bound syndrome in China characterized by fatigue, sleep disturbance, and poor concentration?
a) Dhat
b) Shenjing shuairuo
c) Koro
d) Hwa-byung
b) Shenjing shuairuo
What disorder involves the belief that the penis is shrinking and disappearing into the body?
a) Dhat
b) Shenjing shuairuo
c) Koro
d) Hwa-byung
c) Koro
What diagnostic category involves psychological factors adversely affecting a medical condition?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
d) Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
What percentage of patients with factitious disorder in Yates and Feldman’s (2016) review were female? a) 30%
b) 40%
c) 50%
d) Two-thirds
d) Two-thirds
What is the estimated prevalence of conversion disorder among neurology clinic patients?
a) 1%
b) 3%
c) 5%
d) 7%
c) 5%
What is the focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating somatic symptom and related disorders?
a) Only somatic symptoms
b) Only psychological symptoms
c) Both somatic and psychological symptoms
d) Medication management
c) Both somatic and psychological symptoms
What theory focuses on the interaction between hormonal levels and physical activity in somatic symptom disorders?
a) Neurobiological model
b) Cognitive-behavioral model
c) Hormonal stress response system
d) Psychoanalytic model
c) Hormonal stress response system
What is the prevalence of somatic symptom disorder in Australian general practice according to Clarke et al. (2008)?
a) 10%
b) 18%
c) 25%
d) 30%
b) 18%
What disorder is characterized by physical symptoms of supposed psychological origin reported in the case of ‘Anna O’?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatic symptom disorder
a) Conversion disorder
What term describes the mechanism where different facets of an individual’s sense of self become split off from one another?
a) Integration
b) Conversion
c) Dissociation
d) Amplification
c) Dissociation
What is the estimated percentage of patients with somatic symptom disorder experiencing depression according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 12%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 44%
d) 44%
What term describes an odd lack of concern regarding one’s loss of bodily function?
a) Alexithymia
b) Anhedonia
c) La belle indifférence
d) Secondary gain
c) La belle indifférence
What historical figure was influential in the study of hysteria and hypnosis in Paris?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Pierre Janet
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
d) Carl Jung
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
What term refers to feigning physical or psychological symptoms to gain external rewards?
a) Factitious disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Malingering
d) Dissociative disorder
c) Malingering
What psychological factor is believed to play a crucial role in dissociative disorders?
a) Neurotransmitter imbalance
b) Early trauma
c) Cognitive distortions
d) Genetic predisposition
b) Early trauma
What type of somatic symptom disorder involves a primary focus on pain?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain
d) Factitious disorder
c) Somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain
What is the estimated percentage of patients with somatic symptom disorder experiencing anxiety according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 7%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 30%
d) 30%
What is the suggested alternative name for conversion disorder that emphasizes its neurological aspect?
a) Factitious disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
c) Somatic symptom disorder
d) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
What disorder involves a preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness without significant somatic symptoms?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
What is the focus of the gate control theory of pain?
a) Psychological factors only
b) Biological factors only
c) Neural ‘gates’ controlling pain signals
d) Social factors only
c) Neural ‘gates’ controlling pain signals
What is the estimated prevalence of factitious disorder in hospital settings?
a) 0.5%
b) 1%
c) 2%
d) 3%
b) 1%
What is the estimated percentage of patients with conversion disorder experiencing chronic symptoms according to Merkler et al. (2016)?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) High rates of chronicity
d) High rates of chronicity
What disorder is characterized by the deliberate induction of illness or injury in oneself or another person?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatic symptom disorder
c) Factitious disorder
What model explains the occurrence of symptoms without identifiable medical cause by uncovering sensory and motor information processing?
a) Neurobiological model
b) Cognitive-behavioral model
c) Hormonal stress response system
d) Psychoanalytic model
a) Neurobiological model
What is the role of cortisol in the hormonal stress response system?
a) Reducing stress
b) Inducing the fight or flight response
c) Increasing relaxation
d) Reducing anxiety
b) Inducing the fight or flight response
What disorder involves the perception of physical symptoms and/or excessive concern about having a serious illness?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Factitious disorder
a) Somatic symptom disorder
What term describes the experience and communication of mental states and distress as physical symptoms or altered bodily function?
a) Conversion
b) Dissociation
c) Somatisation
d) Amplification
c) Somatisation
What is the prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms among patients presenting to general practitioners according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 10%
b) 19%
c) 30%
d) 40%
b) 19%
What term describes the mechanism where different facets of an individual’s sense of self become split off from one another?
a) Integration
b) Conversion
c) Dissociation
d) Amnesia
c) Dissociation
What is the focus of the cognitive-behavioral model in treating somatic symptom and related disorders?
a) Only somatic symptoms
b) Only psychological symptoms
c) Both somatic and psychological symptoms
d) Medication management
c) Both somatic and psychological symptoms
What is the primary focus of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for somatic symptom and related disorders?
a) Reducing physical symptoms
b) Reducing psychological distress
c) Both reducing physical symptoms and psychological distress
d) Increasing physical activity
c) Both reducing physical symptoms and psychological distress
What historical figure is known for the “talking cure” for hysteria?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Pierre Janet
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
d) Carl Jung
a) Sigmund Freud
What disorder involves intense anxiety regarding the belief that one has a serious medical condition without significant somatic symptoms?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Factitious disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
What term describes a lack of concern regarding significant symptoms in conversion disorder?
a) Alexithymia
b) Anhedonia
c) La belle indifférence
d) Secondary gain
c) La belle indifférence
What is the estimated percentage of patients with fibromyalgia who met the diagnostic criteria for somatic symptom disorder in the study by Häuser et al. (2015)?
a) 10%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 25.6%
d) 25.6%
What percentage of patients with somatic symptom disorder also experience anxiety according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 7%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 30%
d) 30%
What is the prevalence of somatic symptom disorder among adolescents according to Van Geelen et al. (2015)?
a) 1%
b) 3.7% for boys, 5.7% for girls
c) 10%
d) 15%
b) 3.7% for boys, 5.7% for girls
What term refers to the reinforcement of illness behavior through increased attention and care from family members? a) Primary gain b) Secondary gain c) Tertiary gain d) Social gain
b) Secondary gain
What percentage of patients with factitious disorder in Yates and Feldman’s (2016) review were female?
a) 30%
b) 40%
c) 50%
d) Two-thirds
d) Two-thirds
What is the estimated prevalence of conversion disorder among neurology clinic patients?
a) 1%
b) 3%
c) 5%
d) 7%
c) 5%
What is the estimated percentage of patients with conversion disorder experiencing chronic symptoms according to Merkler et al. (2016)?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) High rates of chronicity
d) High rates of chronicity
What disorder involves the deliberate induction of illness or injury in oneself or another person?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatic symptom disorder
c) Factitious disorder
What is the focus of the gate control theory of pain?
a) Psychological factors only
b) Biological factors only
c) Neural ‘gates’ controlling pain signals
d) Social factors only
c) Neural ‘gates’ controlling pain signals
What is the prevalence of medically unexplained symptoms among patients presenting to general practitioners according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 10%
b) 19%
c) 30%
d) 40%
b) 19%
What term describes the process where different facets of an individual’s sense of self become split off from one another?
a) Integration
b) Conversion
c) Dissociation
d) Amnesia
c) Dissociation
What percentage of patients with somatic symptom disorder also experience anxiety according to Kroenke et al. (1994)?
a) 7%
b) 15%
c) 20%
d) 30%
d) 30%
What is the estimated percentage of patients with conversion disorder experiencing chronic symptoms according to Merkler et al. (2016)?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) High rates of chronicity
d) High rates of chronicity
What is the estimated prevalence of factitious disorder in hospital settings?
a) 0.5%
b) 1%
c) 2%
d) 3%
b) 1%
What is the estimated prevalence of illness anxiety disorder in the general population?
a) 0.5-1%
b) 1.3-10%
c) 2-3%
d) 4-5%
b) 1.3-10%
What term describes an odd lack of concern regarding one’s loss of bodily function? a
) Alexithymia
b) Anhedonia
c) La belle indifférence
d) Secondary gain
c) La belle indifférence
What is the estimated prevalence of somatic symptom disorder in the general adult population?
a) 1-2%
b) 3-4%
c) 5-7%
d) 8-10%
c) 5-7%
What disorder involves intense anxiety regarding the belief that one has a serious medical condition without significant somatic symptoms?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Factitious disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
What is the estimated prevalence of somatic symptom disorder among adolescents according to Van Geelen et al. (2015)?
a) 1%
b) 3.7% for boys, 5.7% for girls
c) 10%
d) 15%
b) 3.7% for boys, 5.7% for girls
What disorder is characterized by physical symptoms of supposed psychological origin reported in the case of ‘Anna O’?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatic symptom disorder
a) Conversion disorder
What psychological factor is believed to play a crucial role in dissociative disorders?
a) Neurotransmitter imbalance
b) Early trauma
c) Cognitive distortions
d) Genetic predisposition
b) Early trauma
What is the estimated prevalence of factitious disorder in hospital settings?
a) 0.5%
b) 1%
c) 2%
d) 3%
b) 1%
What historical term was used to refer to many conditions now known as somatic symptom and dissociative disorders?
a) Hypochondriasis
b) Hysteria
c) Melancholia
d) Schizophrenia
b) Hysteria
What is conversion disorder also known as?
a) Factitious disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
c) Somatic symptom disorder
d) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Functional neurological symptom disorder
What disorder involves the perception of physical symptoms and/or excessive concern about having a serious illness?
a) Somatic symptom disorder
b) Illness anxiety disorder
c) Conversion disorder
d) Factitious disorder
a) Somatic symptom disorder
What historical figure was influential in the study of hysteria and hypnosis in Paris?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Pierre Janet
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
d) Carl Jung
c) Jean-Martin Charcot
What term describes the reinforcement of illness behavior through increased attention and care from family members?
a) Primary gain
b) Secondary gain
c) Tertiary gain
d) Social gain
b) Secondary gain
