6. Bipolar disorder Flashcards
What are the two poles of mood disturbance in bipolar disorder?
a) Euphoria and anger
b) Depression and anxiety
c) Depression and mania/hypomania
d) Anxiety and anger
c) Depression and mania/hypomania
Who provided a vivid description of her experience with bipolar disorder in the text?
a) Jane Ryan
b) Emily Brown
c) Sarah White
d) Megan Lee
a) Jane Ryan
What is a common reason people with bipolar disorder keep their condition a secret?
a) Fear of discrimination
b) Lack of awareness
c) Desire for privacy
d) Fear of treatment
a) Fear of discrimination
Who first referred to bipolar disorder as ‘la folie circulaire’?
a) Emil Kraepelin
b) Jean-Pierre Falret
c) Karl Leonhard
d) John Cade
b) Jean-Pierre Falret
What significant discovery did John Cade make in the treatment of bipolar disorder?
a) Lithium carbonate
b) Antipsychotic drugs
c) Electroconvulsive therapy
d) Cognitive behavioral therapy
a) Lithium carbonate
What term did Karl Leonhard coin to refer to the condition involving both depressive and manic episodes?
a) Manic depressive insanity
b) Bipolar disorder
c) Dementia praecox
d) Cyclothymic disorder
b) Bipolar disorder
What distinguishes bipolar I disorder from bipolar II disorder?
a) Presence of manic episodes in bipolar I
b) Presence of depressive episodes in bipolar I
c) Absence of hypomanic episodes in bipolar II
d) Presence of psychotic features in bipolar II
a) Presence of manic episodes in bipolar I
What is the primary characteristic of a manic episode?
a) Depressed mood
b) Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
c) Anxiety
d) Social withdrawal
b) Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
What is a key distinction between mania and hypomania?
a) Hypomania requires hospitalization
b) Mania involves psychotic symptoms
c) Hypomania is shorter and less severe
d) Mania is always associated with depression
c) Hypomania is shorter and less severe
What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder in the Australian population according to the 2007 National Survey?
a) 0.5%
b) 0.9%
c) 1.3%
d) 2%
b) 0.9%
Which gender is equally likely to develop bipolar I disorder?
a) Men
b) Women
c) Both equally
d) Neither
c) Both equally
What is the median age of onset for bipolar disorder?
a) 15 years
b) 20 years
c) 25 years
d) 30 years
c) 25 years
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience multiple episodes of mood disturbance?
a) 50%
b) 70%
c) 90%
d) 100%
c) 90%
What is the term for a less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder?
a) Bipolar I disorder
b) Bipolar II disorder
c) Cyclothymic disorder
d) Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
c) Cyclothymic disorder
What specifier is used for a person with bipolar disorder experiencing elevated anxiety?
a) With mixed features
b) With anxious distress
c) With melancholic features
d) With psychotic features
b) With anxious distress
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder have a lifetime diagnosis of at least one anxiety disorder?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 50%
d) 50%
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder misuse substances?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 39%
d) 50%
c) 39%
What is the risk of suicide in people with bipolar disorder compared to the general population?
a) 5 times higher
b) 10 times higher
c) 15 times higher
d) 20 times higher
c) 15 times higher
What concept suggests that mania results from excessive goal engagement?
a) Diathesis-stress model
b) Goal dysregulation model
c) Cognitive model
d) Learned helplessness model
b) Goal dysregulation model
What personality traits are found to be more prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorder?
a) Introversion and sensitivity
b) Perfectionism and sociotropy
c) Aggressiveness and impulsivity
d) Optimism and resilience
b) Perfectionism and sociotropy
What is a common treatment technique involving educating the patient and family about bipolar disorder?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Psychoeducation
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
b) Psychoeducation
What is the purpose of mood monitoring in therapy for bipolar disorder?
a) To diagnose the disorder
b) To identify triggers to mood shifts
c) To replace medication
d) To prevent the disorder
b) To identify triggers to mood shifts
What is a key technique of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder?
a) Hypnosis
b) Cognitive restructuring
c) Psychoanalysis
d) Play therapy
b) Cognitive restructuring
What does interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) focus on?
a) Reducing disruptions in daily routines
b) Increasing medication adherence
c) Enhancing cognitive function
d) Increasing physical activity
a) Reducing disruptions in daily routines
What percentage of patients with bipolar disorder relapse within one year?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 50%
c) 40%
What is a new development in the psychological treatment of bipolar disorder mentioned in the text?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Hypnotherapy
c) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
d) Electroconvulsive therapy
c) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience comorbid social phobia?
a) 13.3%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 47.2%
d) 47.2%
What is the term for four or more bipolar episodes within a year?
a) Bipolar I disorder
b) Bipolar II disorder
c) Cyclothymic disorder
d) Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
d) Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
What drug is classified as a mood stabilizer for treating bipolar disorder?
a) Fluoxetine
b) Sertraline
c) Lithium carbonate
d) Diazepam
c) Lithium carbonate
Who discovered the beneficial effects of lithium in treating bipolar disorder?
a) Emil Kraepelin
b) John Cade
c) Karl Leonhard
d) Jean-Pierre Falret
b) John Cade
What is a common psychological intervention for bipolar disorder focusing on family communication and problem-solving?
a) Psychoeducation
b) Family-focused therapy
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
b) Family-focused therapy
What is the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder in the United States according to the National Comorbidity Survey?
a) 1.3%
b) 2.5%
c) 3.9%
d) 5%
c) 3.9%
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder will attempt suicide?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 30%
c) 25%
What psychological approach focuses on the early signs of relapse in bipolar disorder?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Relapse prevention
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
b) Relapse prevention
What is the name of the counseling strategy encouraging clients to consider the positives and negatives of a behavior?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Motivational interviewing
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Cognitive restructuring
b) Motivational interviewing
What is the lifetime risk of bipolar disorder in the family members of bipolar disorder patients?
a) 1%
b) 5%
c) 10%
d) 15%
c) 10%
What model holds that psychological disorders result from interactions between vulnerabilities and stressful life events?
a) Cognitive model
b) Behavioral model
c) Diathesis-stress model
d) Biological model
c) Diathesis-stress model
What is the term for elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with abnormally increased goal-directed activity?
a) Depressive episode
b) Manic episode
c) Anxiety episode
d) Mixed episode
b) Manic episode
What is the term for a less severe form of a manic episode in bipolar II disorder?
a) Cyclothymic episode
b) Rapid cycling episode
c) Hypomanic episode
d) Depressive episode
c) Hypomanic episode
What is a common cognitive distortion in bipolar disorder involving exaggerated self-worth?
a) Arbitrary inference
b) Magnification
c) Overgeneralization
d) Grandiosity
d) Grandiosity
What therapy focuses on the regulation of social rhythms and routines in bipolar disorder?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
d) Hypnotherapy
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
What is a primary pharmacological treatment for acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder?
a) SSRIs
b) Antipsychotics
c) Benzodiazepines
d) Antidepressants
b) Antipsychotics
What is the goal of psychoeducation in treating bipolar disorder?
a) To provide medication
b) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
c) To induce sleep
d) To increase physical activity
b) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
What does the Internal State Scale (ISS) measure in bipolar disorder?
a) Cognitive distortions
b) Current mood state
c) Social rhythms
d) Family dynamics
b) Current mood state
What therapy involves identifying and challenging unhelpful thoughts in bipolar disorder?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder among people with anxiety disorders?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 50%
d) 50%
What is the term for the belief in one’s worth, power, knowledge, ability, or identity?
a) Depression
b) Grandiosity
c) Anxiety
d) Psychosis
b) Grandiosity
What therapy for bipolar disorder aims to improve family communication and problem-solving skills?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Family-focused therapy
d) Hypnotherapy
c) Family-focused therapy
What is the estimated percentage of people with bipolar disorder who have a comorbid substance use disorder?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 39%
d) 50%
c) 39%
What is the term for the treatment technique that includes providing clients with information about their psychological problem?
a) Psychoeducation
b) Cognitive restructuring
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Psychoeducation
What psychological approach focuses on addressing dysfunctional cognitions in bipolar disorder?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Cognitive behavior therapy
c) Hypnotherapy d) Play therapy
b) Cognitive behavior therapy
What is the purpose of mood monitoring in therapy for bipolar disorder?
a) To replace medication
b) To identify triggers to mood shifts
c) To diagnose the disorder
d) To prevent the disorder
b) To identify triggers to mood shifts
What is the goal of relapse prevention in bipolar disorder?
a) To reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence
b) To induce sleep
c) To increase physical activity
d) To replace medication
a) To reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence
What is the term for four or more bipolar episodes within a year?
a) Bipolar I disorder
b) Bipolar II disorder
c) Cyclothymic disorder
d) Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
d) Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
What is a key technique in cognitive behavior therapy for bipolar disorder?
a) Hypnosis
b) Cognitive restructuring
c) Psychoanalysis
d) Play therapy
b) Cognitive restructuring
What is the role of family interventions in treating bipolar disorder?
a) To provide medication
b) To improve family communication and problem-solving skills
c) To increase physical activity
d) To induce sleep
b) To improve family communication and problem-solving skills
What is the prevalence of comorbid social phobia in patients with bipolar I disorder?
a) 13.3%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 47.2%
d) 47.2%
What is the primary goal of psychoeducation in treating bipolar disorder?
a) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
b) To provide medication
c) To induce sleep
d) To increase physical activity
a) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
What is the term for a less severe form of a manic episode in bipolar II disorder? a) Cyclothymic episode b) Rapid cycling episode c) Hypomanic episode d) Depressive episode
c) Hypomanic episode
What therapy focuses on the regulation of social rhythms and routines in bipolar disorder?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
d) Hypnotherapy
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
What is a common cognitive distortion in bipolar disorder involving exaggerated self-worth?
a) Arbitrary inference
b) Magnification
c) Overgeneralization
d) Grandiosity
d) Grandiosity
What percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience comorbid anxiety disorders?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 50%
d) 50%
What is the role of cognitive restructuring in CBT for bipolar disorder?
a) To challenge and modify unhelpful thoughts
b) To provide medication
c) To increase physical activity
d) To induce sleep
a) To challenge and modify unhelpful thoughts
What is the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder in the United States according to the National Comorbidity Survey?
a) 1.3%
b) 2.5%
c) 3.9%
d) 5%
c) 3.9%
What is the percentage of people with bipolar disorder who will attempt suicide?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 25%
d) 30%
c) 25%
What is the main focus of family-focused therapy for bipolar disorder?
a) To improve family communication and problem-solving skills
b) To provide medication
c) To increase physical activity
d) To induce sleep
a) To improve family communication and problem-solving skills
What is the role of psychoeducation in treating bipolar disorder?
a) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
b) To provide medication
c) To induce sleep
d) To increase physical activity
a) To educate about the disorder and its treatment
What is the goal of mood monitoring in therapy for bipolar disorder?
a) To identify triggers to mood shifts
b) To replace medication
c) To diagnose the disorder
d) To prevent the disorder
a) To identify triggers to mood shifts
What is the primary goal of relapse prevention in bipolar disorder?
a) To reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence
b) To induce sleep
c) To increase physical activity
d) To replace medication
a) To reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence
What therapy for bipolar disorder focuses on the regulation of social rhythms and routines?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
d) Hypnotherapy
c) Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
What is a common cognitive distortion in bipolar disorder involving exaggerated self-worth? a) Arbitrary inference b) Magnification c) Overgeneralization d) Grandiosity
d) Grandiosity
What is the percentage of people with bipolar disorder who have a lifetime diagnosis of at least one anxiety disorder?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 50%
d) 50%
What is the primary treatment technique involving educating the patient and family about bipolar disorder?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Psychoeducation
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
b) Psychoeducation
What is the goal of cognitive restructuring in CBT for bipolar disorder?
a) To challenge and modify unhelpful thoughts
b) To provide medication
c) To increase physical activity
d) To induce sleep
a) To challenge and modify unhelpful thoughts
What is the prevalence of comorbid substance use disorder in people with bipolar disorder?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 39%
d) 39%
What is the term for elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with abnormally increased goal-directed activity?
a) Depressive episode
b) Manic episode
c) Anxiety episode
d) Mixed episode
b) Manic episode
