3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Flashcards
What is the first diagnostic criterion for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
a) Presence of hallucinations
b) Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions
c) Presence of delusions
d) Presence of dissociative episodes
b) Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions
How are obsessions defined in the DSM-5?
a) Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images
b) Excessive worries about real-life problems
c) Recurrent feelings of sadness
d) Persistent physical symptoms
a) Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images
What must a person with obsessions attempt to do, according to the DSM-5?
a) Accept the thoughts
b) Ignore the thoughts
c) Embrace the thoughts
d) Share the thoughts with others
b) Ignore the thoughts
What characterizes compulsions according to the DSM-5?
a) Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
b) Excessive worries about future events
c) Persistent feelings of guilt
d) Avoidance of social interactions
a) Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
What is the second criterion for OCD diagnosis in the DSM-5?
a) Symptoms must cause marked distress or impairment
b) Symptoms must be present for at least one year
c) Symptoms must be related to substance abuse
d) Symptoms must be consistent with cultural norms
a) Symptoms must cause marked distress or impairment
What must be ruled out to confirm an OCD diagnosis?
a) Substance abuse or another medical condition
b) Presence of another anxiety disorder
c) Presence of depressive symptoms
d) Presence of physical ailments
a) Substance abuse or another medical condition
What does ‘good or fair insight’ mean in OCD?
a) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably true
b) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably not true
c) Believing that compulsions are necessary
d) Denying the presence of OCD symptoms
b) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably not true
What is ‘poor insight’ in OCD?
a) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably true
b) Denying the presence of OCD symptoms
c) Believing that compulsions are unnecessary
d) Ignoring obsessive thoughts
a) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably true
What is ‘absent insight’ or ‘delusional beliefs’ in OCD?
a) Believing that OCD beliefs are completely true
b) Recognizing that OCD beliefs are probably not true
c) Ignoring compulsive behaviors
d) Accepting that OCD symptoms are part of normal life
a) Believing that OCD beliefs are completely true
What is the most controversial aspect of including ‘absent insight’ in OCD diagnosis?
a) It makes the distinction between OCD and psychotic conditions more difficult
b) It is not recognized in all diagnostic manuals
c) It is only applicable to severe cases
d) It is not supported by research
a) It makes the distinction between OCD and psychotic conditions more difficult
What condition is often associated with OCD according to the DSM-5?
a) Tourette’s disorder
b) Schizophrenia
c) Bipolar disorder
d) Major depressive disorder
a) Tourette’s disorder
What is a common theme among OCD obsessions?
a) Fears of contamination
b) Fear of failure
c) Fear of social interactions
d) Fear of open spaces
a) Fears of contamination
What percentage of OCD patients have performed compulsive washing at some point?
a) 20%
b) 40%
c) 63.7%
d) 80%
c) 63.7%
What is a common compulsion in OCD related to checking?
a) Checking power points and electrical appliances
b) Checking food ingredients
c) Checking personal messages
d) Checking social media updates
a) Checking power points and electrical appliances
What are some typical compulsive behaviors in OCD?
a) Blinking one’s eyes a set amount of times
b) Counting objects
c) Saying a mantra in one’s head
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
What model suggests that OCD results from a failure of inhibitory pathways in the basal ganglia?
a) Cognitive model
b) Neuropsychological model
c) Behavioral model
d) Sociocultural model
b) Neuropsychological model
What brain region is implicated in the neuropsychological model of OCD?
a) Amygdala
b) Basal ganglia
c) Prefrontal cortex
d) Temporal lobe
b) Basal ganglia
What does the cognitive model of OCD emphasize?
a) Failure of neural pathways
b) Misinterpretation of intrusive thoughts
c) Genetic predisposition
d) Hormonal imbalances
b) Misinterpretation of intrusive thoughts
According to the cognitive model, how do OCD sufferers view their intrusive thoughts?
a) As normal and insignificant
b) As dangerous and personally responsible for preventing harm
c) As helpful and informative
d) As random and meaningless
b) As dangerous and personally responsible for preventing harm
What type of study supports the idea that perceptions of threat trigger OCD symptoms?
a) Experimental study
b) Observational study
c) Qualitative study
d) Case study
a) Experimental study
What did the study by Menzies and Dar-Nimrod (in press) investigate?
a) The role of death anxiety in compulsive cleaning behaviors
b) The impact of genetic factors on OCD
c) The effectiveness of medication in treating OCD
d) The role of social support in OCD
a) The role of death anxiety in compulsive cleaning behaviors
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of OCD?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
d) 4-5%
b) 2-3%
At what age do most adults with OCD recall the onset of their symptoms?
a) Before 10 years of age
b) Before 18 years of age
c) Before 25 years of age
d) Before 30 years of age
b) Before 18 years of age
What is a key principle of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for OCD?
a) Avoidance of feared stimuli
b) Confrontation of feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
c) Medication management
d) Psychoanalysis
b) Confrontation of feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
What is exposure and response prevention (ERP)?
a) Behavioral technique involving exposure to feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
b) Cognitive technique involving thought challenging
c) Pharmacological treatment for OCD
d) Psychoanalytic approach to OCD treatment
a) Behavioral technique involving exposure to feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
What is the focus of cognitive restructuring in OCD treatment?
a) Challenging and modifying irrational threat-related beliefs
b) Encouraging avoidance behaviors
c) Promoting dependence on medication
d) Focusing on unconscious conflicts
a) Challenging and modifying irrational threat-related beliefs
What is the DIRT program for OCD?
a) Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy
b) Cognitive restructuring therapy
c) Psychoanalytic therapy
d) Behavioral modification therapy
a) Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy
What is hoarding disorder?
a) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
b) Excessive worry about future events
c) Avoidance of social interactions
d) Persistent feelings of sadness
a) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
What percentage of hoarders are reported to be female?
a) 30%
b) 50%
c) 60%
d) 75%
c) 60%
What is a common theme in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?
a) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
b) Excessive worries about real-life problems
c) Persistent feelings of guilt
d) Avoidance of social interactions
a) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
What percentage of people seeking cosmetic surgery meet criteria for body dysmorphic disorder?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 20%
c) 15%
What is trichotillomania?
a) Recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair
b) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
c) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
d) Recurrent skin picking
a) Recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair
What is the estimated 12-month prevalence of trichotillomania?
a) 0.5-1%
b) 1-2%
c) 2-3%
d) 3-4%
b) 1-2%
What is excoriation disorder?
a) Recurrent skin picking
b) Recurrent hair pulling
c) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
d) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
a) Recurrent skin picking
What is the lifetime prevalence of excoriation disorder?
a) 0.5%
b) 1%
c) 1.5%
d) 2%
c) 1.5%
What percentage of excoriation disorder sufferers are female?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 75%
d) 75%
What is the primary treatment for OCD-related disorders?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is the main goal of exposure therapy in OCD treatment?
a) To eliminate fear
b) To reduce anxiety through repeated exposure to feared stimuli
c) To avoid confrontation with fear
d) To encourage avoidance behaviors
b) To reduce anxiety through repeated exposure to feared stimuli
What is a behavioral experiment in OCD treatment?
a) Cognitive technique to test the accuracy of beliefs
b) Pharmacological treatment
c) Psychoanalytic approach
d) Hypnotherapy technique
a) Cognitive technique to test the accuracy of beliefs
What is cognitive restructuring?
a) Technique to identify, challenge, and replace dysfunctional beliefs
b) Pharmacological treatment
c) Hypnotherapy technique
d) Psychoanalytic approach
a) Technique to identify, challenge, and replace dysfunctional beliefs
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of hoarding disorder?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-6%
c) 5-10%
d) 10-15%
b) 2-6%
What percentage of body dysmorphic disorder sufferers seek cosmetic surgery?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 20%
c) 15%
What percentage of people with trichotillomania are female?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 75%
d) 90%
d) 90%
What is the main criterion for excoriation disorder?
a) Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions
b) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
c) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
d) Recurrent hair pulling
a) Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions
What is the common treatment approach for OCD and related disorders?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is the key feature of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for OCD?
a) Avoidance of feared stimuli
b) Confrontation of feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
c) Medication management
d) Psychoanalysis
b) Confrontation of feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
What is exposure and response prevention (ERP)?
a) Behavioral technique involving exposure to feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
b) Cognitive technique involving thought challenging
c) Pharmacological treatment for OCD
d) Psychoanalytic approach to OCD treatment
a) Behavioral technique involving exposure to feared stimuli and prevention of compulsive responses
What is the focus of cognitive restructuring in OCD treatment?
a) Challenging and modifying irrational threat-related beliefs
b) Encouraging avoidance behaviors
c) Promoting dependence on medication
d) Focusing on unconscious conflicts
a) Challenging and modifying irrational threat-related beliefs
What is the DIRT program for OCD?
a) Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy
b) Cognitive restructuring therapy
c) Psychoanalytic therapy
d) Behavioral modification therapy
a) Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy
What is hoarding disorder?
a) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
b) Excessive worry about future events
c) Avoidance of social interactions
d) Persistent feelings of sadness
a) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
What percentage of hoarders are reported to be female?
a) 30%
b) 50%
c) 60%
d) 75%
c) 60%
What is a common theme in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)?
a) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
b) Excessive worries about real-life problems
c) Persistent feelings of guilt
d) Avoidance of social interactions
a) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
What percentage of people seeking cosmetic surgery meet criteria for body dysmorphic disorder?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 20%
c) 15%
What is trichotillomania?
a) Recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair
b) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
c) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
d) Recurrent skin picking
a) Recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair
What is the estimated 12-month prevalence of trichotillomania?
a) 0.5-1%
b) 1-2%
c) 2-3%
d) 3-4%
b) 1-2%
What is excoriation disorder?
a) Recurrent skin picking
b) Recurrent hair pulling
c) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
d) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
a) Recurrent skin picking
What is the lifetime prevalence of excoriation disorder?
a) 0.5%
b) 1%
c) 1.5%
d) 2%
c) 1.5%
What percentage of excoriation disorder sufferers are female?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) 75%
d) 75%
What is the primary treatment for OCD-related disorders?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
What is the main goal of exposure therapy in OCD treatment?
a) To eliminate fear
b) To reduce anxiety through repeated exposure to feared stimuli
c) To avoid confrontation with fear
d) To encourage avoidance behaviors
b) To reduce anxiety through repeated exposure to feared stimuli
What is a behavioral experiment in OCD treatment?
a) Cognitive technique to test the accuracy of beliefs
b) Pharmacological treatment
c) Psychoanalytic approach
d) Hypnotherapy technique
a) Cognitive technique to test the accuracy of beliefs
What is cognitive restructuring?
a) Technique to identify, challenge, and replace dysfunctional beliefs
b) Pharmacological treatment
c) Hypnotherapy technique
d) Psychoanalytic approach
a) Technique to identify, challenge, and replace dysfunctional beliefs
What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of hoarding disorder?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-6%
c) 5-10%
d) 10-15%
b) 2-6%
What percentage of body dysmorphic disorder sufferers seek cosmetic surgery?
a) 5%
b) 10%
c) 15%
d) 20%
c) 15%
What percentage of people with trichotillomania are female?
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 75%
d) 90%
d) 90%
What is the main criterion for excoriation disorder?
a) Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions
b) Persistent difficulty in discarding possessions
c) Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance
d) Recurrent hair pulling
a) Recurrent skin picking resulting in lesions
What is the common treatment approach for OCD and related disorders?
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Hypnotherapy
d) Play therapy
a) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
