5. Depressive disorders Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT a type of communication disorder? a) Speech sound disorder b) Childhood-onset fluency disorder c) Social (pragmatic) communication disorder d) Unspecified articulation disorder
d) Unspecified articulation disorder
Which disorder is characterized by the child being unable to produce speech sounds correctly? a) Language disorder b) Speech sound disorder c) Social (pragmatic) communication disorder d) Stuttering
b) Speech sound disorder
What is the primary feature of childhood-onset fluency disorder? a) Difficulty in articulation b) Difficulty in understanding speech c) Stuttering d) Difficulty in social communication
c) Stuttering
What distinguishes social (pragmatic) communication disorder from other communication disorders? a) Difficulty in articulation b) Difficulty in understanding speech c) Difficulty in social communication d) Difficulty in fluency
c) Difficulty in social communication
Which disorder involves excessive inattentiveness or hyperactivity-impulsivity? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder d) Intellectual disability
c) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
What are the three presentations of ADHD? a) Combined, Predominantly inattentive, Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive b) Inattentive, Hyperactive, Impulsive c) Combined, Inattentive, Impulsive d) Combined, Hyperactive, Inattentive
a) Combined, Predominantly inattentive, Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
Which of the following is NOT a subtype of ADHD? a) Combined presentation b) Predominantly inattentive presentation c) Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation d) Predominantly combined presentation
d) Predominantly combined presentation
Which disorder involves persistent difficulties in reading, writing, or mathematics? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Intellectual disability d) Communication disorder
b) Specific learning disorder
Which of the following is NOT a type of specific learning disorder? a) With impairment in reading b) With impairment in written expression c) With impairment in mathematics d) With impairment in listening
d) With impairment in listening
Autism spectrum disorder is primarily characterized by what? a) Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Language impairments d) Intellectual deficits
a) Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors
Which disorder is characterized by repetitive motor or vocal tics? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Tic disorder d) Developmental coordination disorder
c) Tic disorder
Which of the following is NOT a tic disorder? a) Tourette’s disorder b) Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder c) Provisional tic disorder d) Transient tic disorder
d) Transient tic disorder
What disorder involves excessive clumsiness and poor coordination? a) Developmental coordination disorder b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Tic disorder d) Specific learning disorder
a) Developmental coordination disorder
Which of the following is characterized by repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behavior? a) Tic disorder b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Stereotypic movement disorder d) Developmental coordination disorder
c) Stereotypic movement disorder
What is the primary feature of separation anxiety disorder? a) Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures
Which disorder involves persistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Selective mutism d) Speech sound disorder
c) Selective mutism
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by what? a) Severe temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Severe temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration
What is a primary characteristic of reactive attachment disorder? a) Inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers
Which of the following is a feature of disinhibited social engagement disorder? a) Excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Indiscriminate sociability or a lack of selectivity in attachment behaviors
d) Indiscriminate sociability or a lack of selectivity in attachment behaviors
Pica involves what type of behavior? a) Eating non-nutritive, non-food substances b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Eating non-nutritive, non-food substances
Which disorder is characterized by repeated regurgitation of food? a) Pica b) Rumination disorder c) Enuresis d) Encopresis
b) Rumination disorder
Which of the following is NOT an elimination disorder? a) Enuresis b) Encopresis c) Diurnal encopresis d) Nocturnal enuresis
c) Diurnal encopresis
Enuresis involves repeated voiding of urine into what? a) Bed or clothes b) Food or drink c) Hands or feet d) School or work
a) Bed or clothes
What distinguishes primary enuresis from secondary enuresis? a) Primary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness b) Secondary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness c) Primary enuresis is more severe d) Secondary enuresis is more severe
b) Secondary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness
Encopresis involves repeated passage of feces into what? a) Bed or clothes b) Toilet c) Inappropriate places such as clothing or the floor d) Food or drink
c) Inappropriate places such as clothing or the floor
Which of the following is NOT a feature of oppositional defiant disorder? a) Persistent pattern of negativistic, spiteful, irritable, and non-compliant behavior b) Violating the rights of others c) Losing temper d) Defying authority
b) Violating the rights of others
Which disorder is marked by chronic misbehavior such as stealing, lying, and acts of violence? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Oppositional defiant disorder d) Conduct disorder
d) Conduct disorder
Which disorder is characterized by a persistent pattern of negativistic, spiteful, irritable, and non-compliant behavior? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Oppositional defiant disorder d) Conduct disorder
c) Oppositional defiant disorder
Which of the following is a biological factor associated with oppositional defiant disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Alterations in androgen levels c) Low cortisol levels d) High cortisol levels
b) Alterations in androgen levels
Which of the following is NOT a psychological factor associated with oppositional defiant disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Callous-unemotional personality traits c) Low cortisol levels d) Inattentiveness
a) High levels of serotonin
What is the estimated prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers? a) Up to 1% b) Up to 3% c) Up to 8% d) Up to 15%
c) Up to 8%
Which disorder often precedes the development of conduct disorder? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Oppositional defiant disorder d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
c) Oppositional defiant disorder
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of conduct disorder? a) Chronic misbehavior b) Stealing c) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors d) Acts of violence
c) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
Which biological factor is associated with conduct disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Low cortisol levels c) High cortisol levels d) Low levels of dopamine
b) Low cortisol levels
What is a common psychological trait found in children with conduct disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Callous-unemotional personality traits c) High levels of empathy d) Low levels of impulsivity
b) Callous-unemotional personality traits
Which of the following is NOT a social factor associated with conduct disorder? a) High levels of academic achievement b) Poor parental supervision c) Peer rejection d) Exposure to violence
a) High levels of academic achievement
What is the most common age of onset for separation anxiety disorder? a) Early childhood (1-3 years) b) Middle childhood (7-9 years) c) Adolescence (13-15 years) d) Late adolescence (16-18 years)
b) Middle childhood (7-9 years)
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of separation anxiety disorder? a) Fear of losing attachment figures b) Reluctance to go to school c) Fear of being alone d) Lack of attachment to caregivers
d) Lack of attachment to caregivers
What is the primary distinguishing feature of separation anxiety disorder compared to other anxiety disorders? a) Fear specifically related to separation experiences b) Generalized fear c) Social anxiety d) Panic attacks
a) Fear specifically related to separation experiences
What is the prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in children? a) Approximately 1% b) Approximately 2% c) Approximately 4% d) Approximately 6%
c) Approximately 4%
Which of the following is NOT a treatment approach for separation anxiety disorder? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy b) Family therapy c) Psychoanalysis d) Medication
c) Psychoanalysis
What genetic component is thought to contribute to separation anxiety disorder? a) Behavioral inhibition b) High levels of serotonin c) Low levels of dopamine d) Alterations in androgen levels
a) Behavioral inhibition
Which of the following is NOT a feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? a) Inattentiveness b) Hyperactivity c) Impulsivity d) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
d) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
What are the three presentations of ADHD according to the DSM-5? a) Combined, Predominantly inattentive, Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive b) Inattentive, Hyperactive, Impulsive c) Combined, Inattentive, Impulsive d) Combined, Hyperactive, Inattentive
a) Combined, Predominantly inattentive, Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
Which of the following is a common characteristic of children with specific learning disorder? a) Difficulty in reading, writing, or mathematics b) High levels of academic achievement c) Excessive clumsiness d) Restricted, repetitive behaviors
a) Difficulty in reading, writing, or mathematics
Which of the following is NOT a category of neurodevelopmental disorders? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder c) Specific learning disorder d) Bipolar disorder
d) Bipolar disorder
What is the primary characteristic of intellectual disability? a) Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
Which of the following is NOT a common presentation of ADHD? a) Combined presentation b) Predominantly inattentive presentation c) Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation d) Predominantly combined presentation
d) Predominantly combined presentation
Which of the following is a feature of social (pragmatic) communication disorder? a) Difficulty in articulation b) Difficulty in understanding speech c) Difficulty in social communication d) Difficulty in fluency
c) Difficulty in social communication
What is the primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder? a) Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Language impairments d) Intellectual deficits
a) Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors
Which of the following is NOT a feature of tic disorders? a) Repetitive motor or vocal tics b) Inflexibility of behavior c) Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder d) Tourette’s disorder
b) Inflexibility of behavior
What disorder is characterized by excessive clumsiness and poor coordination? a) Developmental coordination disorder b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Tic disorder d) Specific learning disorder
a) Developmental coordination disorder
Which of the following is a primary feature of stereotypic movement disorder? a) Repetitive, seemingly driven, and purposeless motor behavior b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Repetitive, seemingly driven, and purposeless motor behavior
What is a key characteristic of selective mutism? a) Persistent failure to speak in specific social situations b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Persistent failure to speak in specific social situations
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder? a) Severe temper outbursts b) Irritable mood c) Consistent calmness d) Grossly out of proportion intensity
c) Consistent calmness
What is a common feature of reactive attachment disorder? a) Inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior towards adult caregivers
Which disorder involves indiscriminate sociability or a lack of selectivity in attachment behaviors? a) Reactive attachment disorder b) Disinhibited social engagement disorder c) Autism spectrum disorder d) Intellectual disability
b) Disinhibited social engagement disorder
What is a primary characteristic of pica? a) Eating non-nutritive, non-food substances b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Eating non-nutritive, non-food substances
Which disorder involves repeated regurgitation of food? a) Pica b) Rumination disorder c) Enuresis d) Encopresis
b) Rumination disorder
What is a primary feature of enuresis? a) Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes b) Inattentiveness and hyperactivity c) Restricted, repetitive behaviors d) Deficits in social communication
a) Repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes
Which of the following is NOT a category of elimination disorder? a) Enuresis b) Encopresis c) Diurnal encopresis d) Nocturnal enuresis
c) Diurnal encopresis
What distinguishes primary enuresis from secondary enuresis? a) Primary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness b) Secondary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness c) Primary enuresis is more severe d) Secondary enuresis is more severe
b) Secondary enuresis occurs after a period of dryness
Which disorder involves repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places? a) Enuresis b) Encopresis c) Pica d) Rumination disorder
b) Encopresis
Which of the following is a primary feature of oppositional defiant disorder? a) Persistent pattern of negativistic, spiteful, irritable, and non-compliant behavior b) Violating the rights of others c) Losing temper d) Defying authority
a) Persistent pattern of negativistic, spiteful, irritable, and non-compliant behavior
What is a common characteristic of conduct disorder? a) Chronic misbehavior such as stealing, lying, and acts of violence b) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors c) Inattentiveness d) Hyperactivity
a) Chronic misbehavior such as stealing, lying, and acts of violence
Which of the following is NOT a biological factor associated with oppositional defiant disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Alterations in androgen levels c) Low cortisol levels d) High cortisol levels
a) High levels of serotonin
What is the estimated prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers? a) Up to 1% b) Up to 3% c) Up to 8% d) Up to 15%
c) Up to 8%
Which disorder often precedes the development of conduct disorder? a) Autism spectrum disorder b) Specific learning disorder c) Oppositional defiant disorder d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
c) Oppositional defiant disorder
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of conduct disorder? a) Chronic misbehavior b) Stealing c) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors d) Acts of violence
c) Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
Which biological factor is associated with conduct disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Low cortisol levels c) High cortisol levels d) Low levels of dopamine
b) Low cortisol levels
What is a common psychological trait found in children with conduct disorder? a) High levels of serotonin b) Callous-unemotional personality traits c) High levels of empathy d) Low levels of impulsivity
b) Callous-unemotional personality traits
Which of the following is NOT a social factor associated with conduct disorder? a) High levels of academic achievement b) Poor parental supervision c) Peer rejection d) Exposure to violence
a) High levels of academic achievement
What is the most common age of onset for separation anxiety disorder? a) Early childhood (1-3 years) b) Middle childhood (7-9 years) c) Adolescence (13-15 years) d) Late adolescence (16-18 years)
b) Middle childhood (7-9 years)
Which of the following is NOT a common feature of separation anxiety disorder? a) Fear of losing attachment figures b) Reluctance to go to school c) Fear of being alone d) Lack of attachment to caregivers
d) Lack of attachment to caregivers
What is the primary distinguishing feature of separation anxiety disorder compared to other anxiety disorders? a) Fear specifically related to separation experiences b) Generalized fear c) Social anxiety d) Panic attacks
a) Fear specifically related to separation experiences
What is the prevalence of separation anxiety disorder in children? a) Approximately 1% b) Approximately 2% c) Approximately 4% d) Approximately 6%
c) Approximately 4%
Which of the following is NOT a treatment approach for separation anxiety disorder? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy b) Family therapy c) Psychoanalysis d) Medication
c) Psychoanalysis
What genetic component is thought to contribute to separation anxiety disorder? a) Behavioral inhibition b) High levels of serotonin c) Low levels of dopamine d) Alterations in androgen levels
a) Behavioral inhibition
