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BDS - Module 9 > 8. Oral Surgery > Flashcards

8. Oral Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 medications effect extractions?

A

Bisphosphonates
NOAC’s
Warfarin

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2
Q

List the 6 post op instructions following XLA:

A
  1. Restful day
  2. No smoking or alcohol for 24 hours
  3. If bleeding occurs, bite down on clean cotton
  4. Pain killers
  5. Avoid rinsing for 24 hours
  6. Then hot salty mouthwash daily
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3
Q

List the 6 common post extraction problems:

A

Pain
Bleeding
Bruising
Swelling
Infection
Dry socket

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4
Q

List 4 complications of odontogenic infections:

A

Cellulitis
Ludwigs angina
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Sepsis

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5
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse swelling

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6
Q

Ludwigs angina

A

Bilateral swelling

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7
Q

List the 4 principles of managing odontogenic infections:

A
  1. Eliminate the cause of infection
  2. Provide a path for drainage of infection
  3. Manage symptoms
  4. Review
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8
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinus secondary to infection

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9
Q

Sinusitis: signs and management

A

Pain, tenderness, posterior teeth TTP, congestion
Tx: mucolytic inhalations and antibiotics

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10
Q

Oral antrum communications: signs and management

A

Fluid escaping through nose, altered voice, nasal obstruction, nasal bleeding
Tx: surgical closure, antibiotics, mucolytic inhalation

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11
Q

Pericoronitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues around a partially erupted or impacted tooth

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12
Q

Pericoronitis: signs and Tx

A

Trismus, pain, malaise, bad taste, redness, halitosis
Tx: irrigate with saline, OH measures, analgesics, antibiotics, removal of any trauma

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13
Q

List the 6 indications for wisdom tooth removal:

A

Pericorontis episodes x2
Unrestoable
Infection
Cellulitis
Periodontal disease
Ortho request

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14
Q

List the 2 contraindications for wisdom tooth removal:

A

Asymptomatic tooth
Nerve involvement

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15
Q

List the 3 options for wisdom teeth:

A
  1. Monitor
  2. Extraction
  3. Coronectomy
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16
Q

List the 5 stages of surgical extractions:

A
  1. Flap design
  2. Incise and reflect flap
  3. Overcome any obstacles
  4. Elevate tooth
  5. Remove tooth
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17
Q

What is a crevicular incision?

A

An incision that follows the gingival margin

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18
Q

What is a reliving incision?

A

An incision that goes from the gingival margin towards the tooth apex

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19
Q

List 2 types of surgical flap:

A

Triangular
Envelope

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20
Q

List the 5 teeth most commonly effected by impaction:

A

Third molars
Maxillary canines and incisors
Mandibular premolars and canines

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21
Q

List the 4 possible angles of impaction:

A

Vertical
Horizontal
Mesioangular
Distoangular

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22
Q

What are the 5 Tx options for impacted teeth?

A
  1. Monitor only
  2. Interceptive XLA of baby tooth
  3. Exposure of impacted tooth
  4. Removal of impacted tooth
  5. Transplantation of impacted tooth to another place
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23
Q

What are the 2 exposure techniques for impacted teeth?

A

Open = flap cut and tooth left exposed
Closed = flap cut and gold chain attached to tooth and Ortho appliance

24
Q

List the 3 possible complication categories for extractions:

A

Bone related
Bleeding related
Sepsis related

25
Alveolar osteitis: signs and management
Worsening pain, dull ache/throb, bad taste, discharge, halitosis Tx: irrigate with saline and place sedative alvogel dressing
26
List the 5 possible bone complications assosiacted with extractions:
Alveolar osteositis (dry socket) Sequestrum Exposed bone Mronj Osteoradionecrosis
27
MRONJ: signs and Tx
Exposed done that persists for 8+ weeks in pts with history of antiresporptive or angiogenic drugs, delayed healing, pain, infection, swelling, numbness TX:
28
Osteoradionecrosis: signs and Tx
Non healing bone, severe pain, infection, halitosis, fistulas, suppuration, fractures TX:
29
List 3 Hereditary conditions that effect bleeding:
Haemophilia A and B Bon williebrands Elers disease
30
List 5 Aquarius conditions that effect bleeding:
Liver disease Alcoholism Haematological malignancy Lymphoma Leukaemia
31
List 3 other conditions that effect bleeding:
Cardiac conditions Strokes Pregnancy
32
List 3 types of medications that effect bleeding:
Antiplatelets Anticoagulants NOACS
33
How long should normal bleeding last?
2-5 minutes
34
How would you manage prolonged or exaggerated bleeding?
1. Pressure 2. Haemostasis agent (such as gelatin, collagen or vitamin K) 3. Suture
35
Sepsis
An extreme body response to infection when a pre existing infection initiated a systemic sequence of events
36
Sepsis: signs and Tx
Extreme body temp, high HR, high resp rate, high bp, increased WBC Slurred speech, shivering, no urination, breathlessness, rash Tx: blood cultures, urine output measurement, fluids, antibiotics, lactate measurement, oxygen
37
List 5 signs of Oral Cancer:
Persistent ulcers Speckled Erythroleukoplakia Cervical lymphadenopathy (enlarged, firm, fixed, non tender) Worsening pain Referred pain Weight loss
38
What 4 investigations hold be done if oral cancer was suspected?
Biopsy Blood tests Scans Endoscopy
39
How is diagnosis of oral cancer obtained?
Via clinical imaging and tissue histology
40
What is the system used for staging cancer?
TNM
41
What are the 4 options for treating oral cancer?
Surgery Radiotherapy Chemotherapy + Radiotherapy Immunotherapy
42
What is a biopsy?
Removal of tissue for histopathological examination
43
List 4 reasons you would biopsy a lesion:
Benign lesions Bulbous, ulcerative, desquamtive lesions White patches Suspected malignancy
44
List the 2 types of biopsy:
Excisional Incisional
45
List 4 types of salivary gland disease:
Sialadenitis Sialolithiasis Ranula Tumours
46
Sialadenitis definition and management
Viral or bacterial infection of salivary glands Tx: antibiotics, fluids, sialagoes, analgesics, incise and drain, surgery
47
Sialolithiasis: signs and management
Salivary gland obstruction Swelling Pus Systemic symptoms Tx: stone removal, gland removal
48
Salivary gland tumours: signs and Tx
Swelling Pain Change in salivary flow Tx: referral
49
List the 8 stages of orthognathic surgery:
1. Referral from GDP 2. Assessment and diagnosis 3. Joint clinic 4. Pre surgery orthodontics 5. Orthognathic surgery 6. Post surgery Ortho Tx 7. Retainers 8. Reviews
50
When does orthognathic treatment take place in males and females?
Once growing has fully stopped. 18 years - females 20 years - males
51
List the signs and symptoms of cysts:
Initially asymptotic Boney expansion (egg shell) Fluctuate swelling (fluid filled) Displaced teeth Sinus Pain if infected Pathological fractures if left untreated
52
What 3 further investigations should you carry out if you find a cyst?
1. Vitality test teeth 2. Radiographs 3. Biopsy
53
What are the 2 Tx options for cysts?
Enucleation Marsuplisation
54
What is cyst enucleation?
Complete removal of the cyst lining
55
What is cyst marsupialisation?
When a hole is created in the cyst lining

BDS - Module 9 (16 decks)

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