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BDS - Module 9 > 10. Orthodontics > Flashcards

10. Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of an orthodontic assessment?

A
  1. History
  2. E/O assessment
  3. I/O assessment
  4. Orthodontic assessment
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2
Q

What is included in the E/O component of an Ortho assessment?

A

Skeletal Pattern
TMJ
Lip line

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3
Q

What is included in the I/O component of an Ortho assessment?

A

Tooth chart
Periodontal asssessment
Plaque index

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4
Q

What is included in the orthodontic component of an Ortho assessment?

A

Tooth inclination
Tooth alignment
Mixed dentition analysis
Tooth relationships
Bite analysis
Centreline assessment

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5
Q

What are the 3 areas assessed in a skeletal pattern asssesment?

A

Anteroposterior
Vertical
Transverse

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6
Q

How is anteroposterior skeletal pattern measured?

A

Two finger method

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7
Q

How is vertical skeletal pattern measured?

A

Using FMPA and LFH

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8
Q

How is transverse skeletal pattern measured?

A

Assesses symmetry by splitting face into 5ths

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9
Q

What is assessed in a lip assessment?

A

Lip competency and smile line

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10
Q

What are the two components of an intraoral exam in Ortho?

A

Gingival assessment: general condition, BPE, plaque index
Dental assessment: dental chart, any additional findings, caries risk assessment

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11
Q

What are the 4 components of the Ortho stage of assessment?

A

Tooth inclination
Tooth alignment
Mixed dentition analysis
Occlusal assessment

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12
Q

Tooth inclinations:

A

Average
Proclined
Reteroclined

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13
Q

Tooth alignments:

A

Aligned
Crowded
Spaced

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14
Q

What is the mixed dentition analysis?

A

A measurement if enough space for teeth to erupt
Done by: measuring from distal of 2 to medial of 6
21mm = average for lower arch
22mm = average for upper arch

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15
Q

List the 8 things assessed in an orthodontic occlusal assessment:

A

Incisor, canine and molar relationships
Overjet
Overbite
Open bite
Cross bite
Centrelines

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16
Q

What radiogrpah is commonly used in orthodontics?

A

Lateral cephalograms

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17
Q

What is the 4 steps process in manually processing a lateral ceph?

A
  1. Draw outlines
  2. Locate points
  3. Join dots
  4. Measure angles
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18
Q

What points are plotted on a lateral ceph?

A

Sella
Nation
ANS
PNS
A Point
B point
Gonion
Menton

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19
Q

What dots are joined on a ceph?

A

S and N (cranial base)
N and A
N and B
Ans and pns (maxilla)
Gonion and menton (mandible)
Upper incisors
Lower incisors

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20
Q

What 6 angles are measured on a ceph?

A

SNA, SNB, ANB, MMPA, INCISOR, E PLANE

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21
Q

SNA angle

A

Indicates maxilla in relation to cranial base
> 82 degrees = prognathic
< 82 degrees = reterognathic

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22
Q

SNB angle

A

Indicates mandible in relation to cranial base
> 80 degrees= prognathic
< 80 degrees = reteroganthic

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23
Q

ANB angle

A

Indicates maxilla in relation to mandible
> 4 degrees = class II skeletal pattern
< 2 degrees = class III skeletal pattern

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24
Q

MMPA angle

A

Intersection of maxilla and mandible
Increased angle = vertical growth
Decreased angle = horizontal growth

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25
Q

Incisor inclination angle

A

110 = maxillary average
90 = Mandibular average
Increased angle = proclined
Decreased angle = reteroclined

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26
Q

E plane angle

A

Line drawn from nose tip to chin
Should be a distance of:
1-2mm from lower lips
2-3mm from upper lips

27
Q

what does IOTN stand for and what are the 2 components of it?

A

Index of orthodontic treatment need
Dental component
Aesthetics component

28
Q

How is the dental health component calculated?

A

MOCDO and IOTN ruler
Grade 1 = no Tx needed
Grade 5 = very great need for Tx

29
Q

What does MOCDO stand for?

A

Missing
Overjet
Crossbites
Displacement
Overbite

30
Q

What is the aesthetic component of the IOTN?

A

A 10 point photo scale

31
Q

What are the 4 main roles of the GDP in relation to orthodontics?

A

Identify, examine and refer using IOTN
maintain OH
Orthodontic first aid
Retain Tx outcomes

32
Q

What 9 things should be included in an Ortho referral letter?

A
  1. Urgency level
  2. Pt details
  3. Reason for referral
  4. History (HPC, MH, SH, DH)
  5. Previous Tx history
  6. Summary of malocclusion
  7. IOTN grade
  8. Radiographs
  9. Study models
33
Q

How is A-P skeletal pattern assessed and what are the grades?

A

2 point finger test
Class I - hand level - maxilla and mandible orthognathic/straight
Class II - hand tilts up - maxilla forward and mandible back
Class III - hand tilts down - maxilla back and mandible forward

34
Q

How is VERTICAL skeletal pattern assessed?

A

FMPA and LFH
FMPA:
average - intersects at occiput
increased - intersects at ear
decreased - intersects beyond head
LFH:
face split into 1/3’s
- average/increased/ decreased

35
Q

How is TRASVERSE skeletal pattern asssed?

A

Assesses facial symmetry
Done by splitting face into vertical fifths

36
Q

CLASS I MOLAR RELATIONSHIP

A

MB cusp of U6, sits in buccal groove of L6

37
Q

CLASS II MOLAR RELATIONSHIP

A

MB cusp of U6, sits anterior to buccal groove of L6

38
Q

CLASS III MOLAR RELATIONSHIP:

A

MB cusp of U6, sits posterior to buccal groove of L6

39
Q

CLASS I CANINE RELATIONSHIP

A

L3 sits mesial to U3

40
Q

CLASS II CANINE REALTIONSHIP

A

L3 Sits distal to U3

41
Q

CLASS III CANINE RELATIONSHIP

A

L3 and U3 do not occlude

42
Q

Overjet

A

Horizontal overlap of teeth

43
Q

Overbite

A

Vertical overlap of teeth

44
Q

Openbite

A

No overlap of teeth

45
Q

Cross bite

A

Unilateral or bilateral
Buccal or lingual
Always relates to buccal cusps of lower teeth

46
Q

What are the 3 types of orthodontic appliance?

A

Removable
Fixed
Functional

47
Q

What are the 4 components of a removable appliance?

A
  1. Active (springs, biteplabes, screws, bows)
  2. Retentive (clasps)
  3. Anchorage
  4. Baseplate (connector of all components)
48
Q

What is a fixed appliance?

A

An appliance made up of brackets attached to teeth and and arch wire

49
Q

What 3 planes do fixed appliances move teeth?

A

Tipping
Body movements
Torque

50
Q

What 2 materials are used for fixed applaince wires?

A

Nickel titanium NiTi
Stainless steel SS

51
Q

What is a functional appliance?

A

A group of appliances used only in the growing patient that aims to redirect masticatory forces and muscles to create tooth movement and modify facial growth

52
Q

What are the indications for functional appliances?

A

Mild/moderate skeletal discrepancies
Overjet/overbites
Pre adolescent growth

53
Q

List 3 common problems associated with tooth eruption and occlusion:

A

Eruption cysts
Impacted teeth
Crossbites

54
Q

Signs of an eruption cyst:

A

Blue mucosa overlying an unerupted tooth

55
Q

List 4 causes of impacted teeth:

A

Obstructions
Eruption failure
Insufficient space
Ectopic teeth

56
Q

What teeth are commonly affected by Crossbites?

A

Molars and incisors

57
Q

What causes infra-occluded deciduous teeth?

A

Ankylosis of deciduous teeth
No permanent successor

58
Q

What causes deciduous teeth to be retained?

A

Missing permanent successors
Ankylosis

59
Q

What 4 teeth are commonly affected by impaction?

A

E’s
6’s
Centrals
Canines

60
Q

How should impacted E’s be managed?

A

Place separator or Xla

61
Q

How should impacted 6’s be managed?

A

Separator or XLA

62
Q

What causes impacted central’s?

A

Supernumaries
Crown-root dilaceration
Trauma
Premature loss of decidious teeth

63
Q

How should impacted centrals be managed?

A

Remove obstruction
Expose
URA to align

64
Q

How should impacted canines be managed?

A

Should be palpable aged 8-10 and radiographed
If impacted,
Extract C’s and wait for eruption
If this fails,
Treat in permeant dentition phase by exposing/extracting/ monitoring

BDS - Module 9 (16 decks)

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