8 Masonry And Ordinary Construction

Question 1

Typical brick size is

Answer 1

3 5/8x 7 5/8x 2 1/4”

Question 2

For most bricks, three courses plus mortar joints equals what height

Answer 2

Eight inches

Question 3

Concrete block

Answer 3

Aka concrete masonry units (cmu) most common concrete block is hollow

Question 4

Hollow concrete block is produced in many sized but commonly in

Answer 4

Nominal 8x8x16

Question 5

Most common stone masonry for construction is

Answer 5

Granite, limestone, sandstone, slate and marble

Question 6

Brownstone is a form of

Answer 6

Sandstone

Question 7

Masonry construction can be labor intensive and mortar can deteriorate. They can be made of

Answer 7

Brick, terra cotta, concrete block, stone, clay tile block, gypsum block, glass

Question 8

Masonry units have no significant tensile strength their structural application is to support what type of load

Answer 8

Compressive

Question 9

Allowable compressive strength of brick masonry

Answer 9

250 psi

Question 10

A chunk of brick wall 8” thick measuring 4x4 feet would weight

Answer 10

Appx 1,267 lbs

Question 11

The weakest part of a masonry wall can be

Answer 11

Mortar joints

Question 12

Mortar is available in five basic types with strength ranging from

Answer 12

75-2500 psi

Question 13

Compressive strength of brick

Answer 13

2000-20,000 psi

Question 14

Compressive strength of concrete masonry units

Answer 14

1500-6,000 psi

Question 15

Mortar is mixed from

Answer 15

Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, water

Question 16

Portland cement

Answer 16

Most common cement chiefly using calcium and aluminum silicates. Mixed with water to form paste that hardens. Known as hydraulic cement

Question 17

Mortar once produced without Portland cement used what as primary bonding agent

Answer 17

Lime

Question 18

Most common load bearing masonry walls are made of

Answer 18

Brick, block, or both

Question 19

Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block are limited to what

Answer 19

Non load bearing partition walls

Question 20

Masonry walls must be thicker as they get taller because

Answer 20

They need to support the compressive loads of the building as well as the lateral weight of the wall itself

Question 21

Non reinforced masonry walls are usually limited to what height

Answer 21

6 stories

Question 22

Steel framed buildings are typically built with masonry veneer because

Answer 22

It allows cheaper construction and stability at greater bullying heights

Question 23

Steel reinforced masonry walls can have reduced thickness. A 10 sorry building can have a wall how thick

Answer 23

12 inches

Question 24

Course

Answer 24

Horizontal layer of individual masonry units

Question 25

Wythe

Answer 25

Single vertical row of multiple rows of masonry units, typically brick

Question 26

Header course

Answer 26

Course of bricks with ends facing outward

Question 27

Multiple wythes are normally provided for strength and stability. Sometimes in conjunction with block wythes. This design is referred to as

Answer 27

Concrete block brick faced CBBF

Question 28

Stretcher course of brick

Answer 28

Bricks placed end to end

Question 29

Bricks placed vertically on end

Answer 29

Soldier course

Question 30

Headers are used to

Answer 30

Provide a horizontal bond between the wythes

Question 31

Exterior brick wall is usually constructed with a vertical cavity between the exterior and interior wythes. Known as a

Answer 31

Cavity wall

Question 32

Cavity walls are intended to

Answer 32

Prevent water seepage through mortar joints to interior and increase insulation. Requires metal ties

Question 33

Masonry walls can be reinforced by

Answer 33

Placing vertical steel rods in a cavity between two wythes. Either brick or brick and block.

Question 34

Reinforcement of masonry walls can also be accomplished with what

Answer 34

Buttresses, flying buttresses, and pilasters

Question 35

Because mortar provides little tensile strength the individual openings in masonry walls must be supported by

Answer 35

Lintels

Question 36

Lintel

Answer 36

Beam over an opening in masonry wall, made of steel, concrete or reinforced masonry

Question 37

Lintels and to a lesser extend, arches, are most common means to supporting loads over masonry openings. Corbelling isn't used only when

Answer 37

Where the Architectural styling makes it attractive

Question 38

Parapet

Answer 38

Portion of the exterior wall that extends above roof line. Low wall at edge of roof. Found on exterior masonry walls and fire walls of buildings with combustible roofs

Question 39

Parapet walls project how high

Answer 39

1-3 ft or more

Question 40

Parapets, especially in front pose what risk to firefighters.

Answer 40

Collapse

Question 41

Most basic and traditional type of masonry building

Answer 41

Where extrior load bearing walls support interior wood floors and roof rafters and joists

Question 42

Ordinary construction is aka

Answer 42

Type III, masonry wood joisted

Question 43

In many residential and commercial buildings wood joists are rest on a beam pocket which is

Answer 43

A pocket several inches into wall that is deep enough to suitable support the beam

Question 44

When pocketed into a masonry wall a joist will be cut at a slight angle known as

Answer 44

Fire cut

Question 45

Fire cut

Answer 45

Angled cut made in end of wood joist resting in masonry wall allowing beam to freely fall away from wall in case of failure of beam. Prevents beam from acting as lever pushing wall out.

Question 46

Where a beam transmits a large vertical load to a wall,nether wall may be built out and increased in thickness to support it , known as

Answer 46

Pilaster

Question 47

Fire resistance of masonry walls depends on

Answer 47

Type of masonry unit used and thickness of wall

Question 48

Hollow block can crack and spall. Wall of fire rated cmu or brick a an have fire resistance time of

Answer 48

2-4 hrs or more

Question 49

An officer must monitor changes or growth in masonry wall cracks because

Answer 49

Changes or growth can indicate impending collapse

Question 50

Mortar can erode form elements such as rain by

Answer 50

Rain seeping in, freezing and causing expansion which causes mortar to crack or flake

Question 51

Cracks in masonry can be caused by

Answer 51

Foundation settling or saggin interior beams from rot or damage

Question 52

Structural deterioration of masonry walls prior to fire will contribute to

Answer 52

Structural failure under fire conditions

Question 53

If masonry walls begin to bulge or lean out, a way of stabilizing it is with

Answer 53

Steel Tie rods, parallel to joists though the wall with bearing plates outside like washers, sometimes in shape of stars.

Question 54

Tie rods in masonry wall may indicate repair however it may

Answer 54

Be a part of original design

Question 55

Potential problems for steel tie rods

Answer 55

Heated under fire, expand, reducing strength and weakening walls.

Question 56

Tie rods used for repair are generally

Answer 56

Less compatible with design of building, may just be form of steel channels Not uniformly positioned or spaced on walls Other indications of repair like mortar repair near tie rod bearing plates

Question 57

Masonry walls usually collapse because of

Answer 57

Failure of interior beams by collapse, pushing against walls forcing them out.

Question 58

Collapse zone of masonry wall is

Answer 58

At least the height of the building. Corners are safest.

Question 59

Facia

Answer 59

Flat horizontal or vertical board at outer face of cornice, broad flat surface over storefront or below cornice. False front or mansard roof face

Question 60

Mill construction

Answer 60

Exterior masonry, interior timber beams or laminated, classified as type IV

Question 61

Two characteristics differentiating type IV from type III

Answer 61

Dimensions of wood members, and combustible voids not permitted

Question 62

Dimensions and framing requirements for interior type IV members

Answer 62

Floors are 3" x 1" tongue and groove Roofs are 2" tongue and groove or 1 1/8" structural panel or plank. Non bearing interior partitions not less than two layers of 1" matched boards or laminated construction 4" thick or 1 hr fire rated.

Question 63

Absence of void spaces in type IV is major firefighting advantage because

Answer 63

Can more easily get at fire | Not necessary to pull ceilings because there aren't suspended ceilings

Question 64

Advantages to mill type IV can be lessened when

Answer 64

It undergoes a change of occupancy, like conversion to residential units, leading to concealed spaces in partitions.