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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 8 Masonry And Ordinary Construction > Flashcards

8 Masonry And Ordinary Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Typical brick size is

A

3 5/8x 7 5/8x 2 1/4”

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2
Q

For most bricks, three courses plus mortar joints equals what height

A

Eight inches

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3
Q

Concrete block

A

Aka concrete masonry units (cmu) most common concrete block is hollow

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4
Q

Hollow concrete block is produced in many sized but commonly in

A

Nominal 8x8x16

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5
Q

Most common stone masonry for construction is

A

Granite, limestone, sandstone, slate and marble

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6
Q

Brownstone is a form of

A

Sandstone

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7
Q

Masonry construction can be labor intensive and mortar can deteriorate. They can be made of

A

Brick, terra cotta, concrete block, stone, clay tile block, gypsum block, glass

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8
Q

Masonry units have no significant tensile strength their structural application is to support what type of load

A

Compressive

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9
Q

Allowable compressive strength of brick masonry

A

250 psi

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10
Q

A chunk of brick wall 8” thick measuring 4x4 feet would weight

A

Appx 1,267 lbs

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11
Q

The weakest part of a masonry wall can be

A

Mortar joints

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12
Q

Mortar is available in five basic types with strength ranging from

A

75-2500 psi

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13
Q

Compressive strength of brick

A

2000-20,000 psi

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14
Q

Compressive strength of concrete masonry units

A

1500-6,000 psi

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15
Q

Mortar is mixed from

A

Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, water

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16
Q

Portland cement

A

Most common cement chiefly using calcium and aluminum silicates. Mixed with water to form paste that hardens. Known as hydraulic cement

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17
Q

Mortar once produced without Portland cement used what as primary bonding agent

A

Lime

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18
Q

Most common load bearing masonry walls are made of

A

Brick, block, or both

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19
Q

Gypsum block and lightweight concrete block are limited to what

A

Non load bearing partition walls

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20
Q

Masonry walls must be thicker as they get taller because

A

They need to support the compressive loads of the building as well as the lateral weight of the wall itself

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21
Q

Non reinforced masonry walls are usually limited to what height

A

6 stories

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22
Q

Steel framed buildings are typically built with masonry veneer because

A

It allows cheaper construction and stability at greater bullying heights

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23
Q

Steel reinforced masonry walls can have reduced thickness. A 10 sorry building can have a wall how thick

A

12 inches

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24
Q

Course

A

Horizontal layer of individual masonry units

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25
Q

Wythe

A

Single vertical row of multiple rows of masonry units, typically brick

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26
Q

Header course

A

Course of bricks with ends facing outward

27
Q

Multiple wythes are normally provided for strength and stability. Sometimes in conjunction with block wythes. This design is referred to as

A

Concrete block brick faced CBBF

28
Q

Stretcher course of brick

A

Bricks placed end to end

29
Q

Bricks placed vertically on end

A

Soldier course

30
Q

Headers are used to

A

Provide a horizontal bond between the wythes

31
Q

Exterior brick wall is usually constructed with a vertical cavity between the exterior and interior wythes. Known as a

A

Cavity wall

32
Q

Cavity walls are intended to

A

Prevent water seepage through mortar joints to interior and increase insulation. Requires metal ties

33
Q

Masonry walls can be reinforced by

A

Placing vertical steel rods in a cavity between two wythes. Either brick or brick and block.

34
Q

Reinforcement of masonry walls can also be accomplished with what

A

Buttresses, flying buttresses, and pilasters

35
Q

Because mortar provides little tensile strength the individual openings in masonry walls must be supported by

A

Lintels

36
Q

Lintel

A

Beam over an opening in masonry wall, made of steel, concrete or reinforced masonry

37
Q

Lintels and to a lesser extend, arches, are most common means to supporting loads over masonry openings. Corbelling isn’t used only when

A

Where the Architectural styling makes it attractive

38
Q

Parapet

A

Portion of the exterior wall that extends above roof line. Low wall at edge of roof. Found on exterior masonry walls and fire walls of buildings with combustible roofs

39
Q

Parapet walls project how high

A

1-3 ft or more

40
Q

Parapets, especially in front pose what risk to firefighters.

A

Collapse

41
Q

Most basic and traditional type of masonry building

A

Where extrior load bearing walls support interior wood floors and roof rafters and joists

42
Q

Ordinary construction is aka

A

Type III, masonry wood joisted

43
Q

In many residential and commercial buildings wood joists are rest on a beam pocket which is

A

A pocket several inches into wall that is deep enough to suitable support the beam

44
Q

When pocketed into a masonry wall a joist will be cut at a slight angle known as

A

Fire cut

45
Q

Fire cut

A

Angled cut made in end of wood joist resting in masonry wall allowing beam to freely fall away from wall in case of failure of beam. Prevents beam from acting as lever pushing wall out.

46
Q

Where a beam transmits a large vertical load to a wall,nether wall may be built out and increased in thickness to support it , known as

A

Pilaster

47
Q

Fire resistance of masonry walls depends on

A

Type of masonry unit used and thickness of wall

48
Q

Hollow block can crack and spall. Wall of fire rated cmu or brick a an have fire resistance time of

A

2-4 hrs or more

49
Q

An officer must monitor changes or growth in masonry wall cracks because

A

Changes or growth can indicate impending collapse

50
Q

Mortar can erode form elements such as rain by

A

Rain seeping in, freezing and causing expansion which causes mortar to crack or flake

51
Q

Cracks in masonry can be caused by

A

Foundation settling or saggin interior beams from rot or damage

52
Q

Structural deterioration of masonry walls prior to fire will contribute to

A

Structural failure under fire conditions

53
Q

If masonry walls begin to bulge or lean out, a way of stabilizing it is with

A

Steel Tie rods, parallel to joists though the wall with bearing plates outside like washers, sometimes in shape of stars.

54
Q

Tie rods in masonry wall may indicate repair however it may

A

Be a part of original design

55
Q

Potential problems for steel tie rods

A

Heated under fire, expand, reducing strength and weakening walls.

56
Q

Tie rods used for repair are generally

A

Less compatible with design of building, may just be form of steel channels
Not uniformly positioned or spaced on walls
Other indications of repair like mortar repair near tie rod bearing plates

57
Q

Masonry walls usually collapse because of

A

Failure of interior beams by collapse, pushing against walls forcing them out.

58
Q

Collapse zone of masonry wall is

A

At least the height of the building. Corners are safest.

59
Q

Facia

A

Flat horizontal or vertical board at outer face of cornice, broad flat surface over storefront or below cornice. False front or mansard roof face

60
Q

Mill construction

A

Exterior masonry, interior timber beams or laminated, classified as type IV

61
Q

Two characteristics differentiating type IV from type III

A

Dimensions of wood members, and combustible voids not permitted

62
Q

Dimensions and framing requirements for interior type IV members

A

Floors are 3” x 1” tongue and groove
Roofs are 2” tongue and groove or 1 1/8” structural panel or plank.
Non bearing interior partitions not less than two layers of 1” matched boards or laminated construction 4” thick or 1 hr fire rated.

63
Q

Absence of void spaces in type IV is major firefighting advantage because

A

Can more easily get at fire

Not necessary to pull ceilings because there aren’t suspended ceilings

64
Q

Advantages to mill type IV can be lessened when

A

It undergoes a change of occupancy, like conversion to residential units, leading to concealed spaces in partitions.

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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