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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 1 Building Construction And The Fire Service > Flashcards

1 Building Construction And The Fire Service Flashcards

1
Q

In the 1920s homes were provided with 30 amp electrical service what amp is typical today

A

200 amp service is typical

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2
Q

The useful lifespan of a building can range from

A

25 to 100 years or more

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3
Q

The varying ages of buildings within a community present challenges to firefighters because

A

Construction technology is continually evolving

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4
Q

Building variables that can affect the course of the fire are

A

Age of building, fire protection systems, occupancy type, fuel load, construction type, configuration, building access and exposure

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5
Q

Process of restoring run down or deteriorated Properties bite more affluent people often displacing poor residence

A

Gentrification

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6
Q

The age of the building affect the occurrence and behavior of

A

Fire, in indirect ways

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7
Q

Effects of aging are

A

Not uniform

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8
Q

Older buildings sometimes offer advantages to the firefighter because of design methods in the past. Extra structural mass was used. What is the benefit

A

Greater mass often results in greater structural stability under fire conditions

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9
Q

Lighter more efficient structural materials, although structurally sound, might

A

Fail more quickly than older heavier members under fire conditions

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10
Q

The first line of defense in a building is

A

Automatic fire protection systems, sprinkler systems

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11
Q

The occupancy of the building often affects

A

Ways in which building components behave under fire conditions, do two different types of fuels and hazards in different types of occupancies

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12
Q

Amount of fuel present expressed quantitatively in terms of weight of fuel per unit area. This may be available fuel or total fuel and is usually dry weight

A

Fuel load

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13
Q

Changes in occupancy frequently will result in a significant difference in the

A

Amount and type of combustible materials, an increase that may tax existing sprinkler systems or structural design for fire safety

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14
Q

Who plays an important role in detecting hazards associated with occupancy change

A

Fire inspectors, usually discovering change during routine inspection

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15
Q

Nothing is more fundamental to a building than

A

The materials from which it is constructed

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16
Q

The traditional construction classifications

A 
Fire resistive. 
Noncombustible. 
Masonry or ordinary. 
Heavy timber. 
Woodframe.
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17
Q

The contemporary building code numerical designation for various construction type

A 
Type I. Fire resistive
Type II. Protected noncombustible or noncombustible
Type III exterior protected
Type IV heavy timber
Type V woodframe
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18
Q

In a scientific sense the laws of physics and chemistry that govern fire behavior

A

Never change

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19
Q

Each building type classification is further divided into

A

Sub classifications

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20
Q

This refers to a buildings general shape or layout

A

Configuration

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21
Q

Building designers tend to be more concerned with

A

The functionality of the structure and it’s a visual appeal

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22
Q

The primary factor for firefighter operations in building construction

A

Access

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23
Q

Features that cause access problems such as steep slopes rivers and landscaping

A

Terrain features

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24
Q

Things that cause access problems like narrow roadways, setbacks, and barriers for security

A

Built out environments

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25
Q

Structure or separate part of the fire ground to which the fire could spread

A

Exposure

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26
Q

Large uncontrollable fire covering a considerable area crossing natural fire barrier is usually involves buildings more than one block and causes a large fire loss forest fires also consider this

A

Conflagration

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27
Q

The earliest provisions of building codes were directed at the danger of

A

Conflagration’s

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28
Q

Some of the earliest fire regulations adopted in colonial Boston prohibited

A

Thatched roofs to prevent the spread of fire

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29
Q

NFPA defines a building as an exposure when

A

The heat from an external fire my cause ignition or damage to the exposed building

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30
Q

In tactical firefighting the term exposure is also used to refer to

A

A structure or object such as a propane take her pile of lumber to which fire could spread

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31
Q

The city of old building codes were developed to prevent spread of fire between buildings such as

A

Fire shutters or wire glass to protect windows of closely space buildings
Requiring firewalls to inhibit fire Growth
Imposing limits on height an area of combustible construction

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32
Q

Current modern building requirements such as setback with distance between buildings, lot size has reduced

A

Building to building fire spread

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33
Q

Distance from the street line to the front of the building

A

Setback

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34
Q

The transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids or gases usually in an upward direction

A

Convection

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35
Q

Convection spreads fire in which direction

A

Vertically through structure stairs shots and walls without fire stops

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36
Q

Radiation spreads fire in which direction

A

All directions

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37
Q

Wildland urban interface risk is being reduced by imposing

A

Restrictions on types of roofing and siding materials requiring the creation of defensible space through fire resistant vegetation

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38
Q

The transmission or transfer of heat energy from one body to another at a lower temperature through intervening space by electromagnetic waves

A

Thermal radiation

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39
Q

All bodies and it thermal radiation at a rate depended on

A

Their absolute temperature

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40
Q

Flame temperature alone is not the only factor determining exposure spread what else is

A

The height and width of the exposing flame

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41
Q

As the size of the exposing flame increases

A

The amount of thermal radiation increases to

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42
Q

NFPA 80A

A

Recommended practice for protection from exterior fire exposure

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43
Q

NFPA 80A classifieds the levels of exposure as

A

Light moderate or severe

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44
Q

There are a number of methods used to protect buildings from exposing fire including

A

Clear space between buildings
Fire suppression systems
Blank walls of noncombustible construction
Self-supporting barrier walls between buildings
Parapets on X terrier masonry walls
Outside deluge systems
Elimination of openings and exterior walls
Wire glass
Fire shutters, automatic fire doors

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45
Q

In engineering failure is said to occur when

A

A structure or part is no longer capable of performing it’s required function in a satisfactory manner

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46
Q

To the firefighter building failure usually means

A

Structural collapse

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47
Q

Potential sources of building failure under fire conditions can include some or all of

A

Structural integrity
Building systems
Design deficiencies

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48
Q

The collapse of the building under fire conditions is a result of

A

Structural integrity loss

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49
Q

Structural integrity of a building under fire conditions it’s related to

A

Fire resistance and combustibility of materials

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50
Q

Fire resistant materials possess the ability to maintain

A

Structural integrity

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51
Q

Structural integrity is a fundamental importance to the firefighter because

A

It permits effective interior attack

52
Q

Specific building systems include

A 
Heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC
Electric power, 
communications, 
plumbing
 elevators
53
Q

Electrical system design and installation should include

A

Fire stopping at the openings

54
Q

Electrical systems should include a provision for emergency power that is protected from

A

Fire and highly unlikely to fail as a backup

55
Q

Failure of primary and backup electrical system can cause what

A

Failure of fire suppression systems such as fire pumps

56
Q

A failure to provide a level of fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use of the building

A

Design deficiencies

57
Q

What determines the number of exits in the building

A

The number of persons likely to occupy the building

58
Q

A design deficiency a sprinkler system would be

A

Failure to provide adequate water supply

59
Q

Codes can only provide

A

A reasonable level of protection for the most commonly encountered situations

60
Q

The building made without a tenant or occupant

A

Spec building

61
Q

Buildings frequently become a target for arson when

A

It outlives it’s useful economic life becoming obsolete and unmarketable

62
Q

A building designer has many factors to consider when designing and constructing they are

A 
Cost
Climate
Infrastructure
Aesthetics
Building code
Soil conditions
Physical laws of engineering
Safety
Accessibility
oner needs and desires
63
Q

Funds can affect

A

The overall design of the building

64
Q

Cost-cutting may result in

A

System failure of important devices

65
Q

Building design is ultimately determined by

A

It’s intended use

66
Q

The building was designed for specific occupancy can create problems later when it is

A

Converted for a different use

67
Q

Aesthetics is such an important concern to an architect that it frequently

A

Clashes with fire safety concerns

68
Q

Body of local law adopted by states counties and cities or other governmental bodies to regulate the construction renovation and maintenance of buildings

A

Building code

69
Q

Before a building permit is issued the proposed design must meet

A

Provisions of local building code

70
Q

To save money and to provide a degree of uniformity among jurisdictions a jurisdiction may adopt all or a portion of

A

A model code package

71
Q

Currently the most widely used model building code in the United States

A

International building code, IBC.

72
Q

The international building code is the successor to three earlier model codes they are

A

The uniform building code, UBC
The standard building code
BOCA national building code

73
Q

The international building code as a companion firecode

A

The international fire code

74
Q

NFPA 1

A

Uniform firecode

75
Q

NFPA 5000

A

Building construction and safety code

76
Q

NFPA 101

A

Life safety code

77
Q

Specific fire safety provisions include requirements for the following elements

A 
Structural fire resistance
Flammability of interior finishes
Adequacy of egress
Enclosure of vertical openings
Fire protection systems
Exposure protection
Occupancy separation
78
Q

In addition to fire safety of building must have the adequate strength to prevent structural collapse and the ability to withstand

A

Environmental forces such as wind and snow and earthquakes

79
Q

The Americans With Disabilities Act ADA was signed into law in what year

A

1990

80
Q

Impairments that qualify as disabilities under the ADA are

A

Visual impairments, hearing impairments, learning, speech, neuromuscular,mental illness

81
Q

Manual Fire alarm stations must be no more than what height so they can be reached from a wheelchair

A

4 1/2 (1.37 m) feet and not less than 3 1/2 feet (1.1) above the floor level

82
Q

Specific elements that must be designed to accommodate individuals with restricted abilities include

A 
Building entrances
Parking in passenger loading zones
Elevators
Drinking fountains
Toilets
Alarms, visible and or audible
Telephones
ATM
Egress
83
Q

Area of refuge

A

1 Area where person unable to use stairs contemporarily wait for assistance during emergency evacuation
2 Space in the normal mean of egress protected by fire by a sprinkler system, means of separation from other spaces using smell proof walls or an adjacent building

84
Q

Areas of refuge may not be required in buildings equipped with

A

automatic sprinkler system

85
Q

Where required areas of refuge must be equipped with

A

Two way communication

86
Q

A basic consideration in the design of fire protection systems

A

Availability of water, primary concern is the amount of water needed for appropriate flow

87
Q

If existing water mains cannot supply required flow what might be necessary

A

Increase the size of means or provide on-site water storage and fire pumps

88
Q

Heating and cooling requirements of a building is determined by

A

Temperature variations of the region

89
Q

Green design

A

Term used to describe the incorporation of such environmental principles as energy efficiency and environmentally friendly building materials into design and construction

90
Q

Energy efficient design and dual pane windows tighter fitting doors and seals may affect the speed at which firefighters can

A

Bentley a building and the rate of combustion within a building

91
Q

Tightly sealed buildings can starve the fire of oxygen getting to what if Oxygen was introduced

A

Explosive fire conditions or rapid development

92
Q

So I’ll conditions and Properties directly impact what aspect of building design

A

Foundation

93
Q

Concept begins when either developer or owner

A

Perceives a need

94
Q

Do you want to make contract with a single firm to undertake both the design and construction of a building this is known as

A

Design-build project

95
Q

The architect usually functions as the prime designer who has the responsibility and control to

A

Choose major aspects of the building and to eliminate alternatives

96
Q

The several branches of engineering required for the correction of the building include

A 
Civil engineering 
structural engineering 
mechanical engineering 
electrical engineering 
fire protection engineer
97
Q

Civil engineering

A 
Water supply
Sanitary sewers
Surveying
Site preparation and excavation
Roadways
Stormwater drainage
98
Q

Structural engineering

A 
Determination of loads
Foundation design
 Structural behavior
Structural members
Structural erection
99
Q

Mechanical engineering

A

Heating ventilation and air conditioning
Pumping systems
Elevators
Plumbing systems

100
Q

Electrical engineering

A

Lighting
power
communications

101
Q

Fire protection engineering

A 
Automatic sprinklers
Standpipes
Fire alarms
Smoke control
Code compliance
102
Q

The person responsible for landscaping

A

Landscape architect

103
Q

After the initial design has been selected the owner must secure

A

Financing for construction

104
Q

The engineering design of the building can proceed when

A

Financing has been secured

105
Q

Board of appeals

A

Group of people, 5 to 7, with experience in fire prevention building construction Tony Forssman, legally constituted to arbitrate differences of opinion between fire inspectors building officials property owners occupants or builders

106
Q

Building permit is obtained from the local building department must be submitted as part of the permit process

A

Building plans

107
Q

When I propose design is rejected by building official architect me make use of

A

Appeals process

108
Q

Building and fire officials must cooperate in the review and permit process because

A

Fire safety issues can be addressed before construction begins

109
Q

Large-scale projects may have permits issued for certain phases of construction because

A

Time and money can be saved the process, won’t take as long

110
Q

The oversight by building department and permits renovations can cause

A

Buildings to be weakened if work is performed without regard to proper methods

111
Q

Samples of structural problems related to renovation and remodeling

A 
Removal or penetration of bearing walls
Modification of beams or trusses
Structural overloading of roofs
Creation of mezzanine floor in an attic
Rooftop additions
Remodeling to create point spaces
112
Q

Subdivision of existing spaces through the creation of partitions can be hazardous because

A

It creates maze like four plans for emergency responders

113
Q

In an effort to avoid additional costs renovation work construction may be conducted without

A

A permit, thereby potentially violating safety and building code

114
Q

Fast tracking

A

Design and construction phases of overlap construction begins while later phases still undergoing design

115
Q

Timing of construction phases me affect the fire department because

A

Fire hazards may be present at the construction site without proper access or water

116
Q

When does inspection of the construction take place

A

Upon completion and during the project

117
Q

Inspection involves

A

Verification the proper materials and construction techniques are used

118
Q

The fire department is usually involved in the testing of

A

Fire protection systems in new construction

119
Q

The primary role of the fire inspector is to

A

Ensure proper installation and operation of fire protection systems and to witness system test

120
Q

To avoid issues of liability during fire protection system test the actual system test are to be carried out by

A

Representatives of the installing contractor

121
Q

Documentation of fire protection system test should be maintained by

A

Fire prevention Bureau

122
Q

Preincident planning

A

Active repairing to handle an incident at a particular location for your particular type of incident before incident occurs

123
Q

Pre incident planning is also called

A

Prefire planning, preplanning, pre-fire inspection, or pre-incident inspection

124
Q

Several ways that tactical firefighters can develop knowledge of building construction in their jurisdiction

A

Building permit process
Preplanning
Geographic information systems

125
Q

Preincident plans. Include information regarding

A

Occupancy, dustrial process, hazmat, fire protection system, building access, utilities

126
Q

Fundamental to the preincident planning process is information about the

A

Construction, or construction type, location of firewalls, vertical openings, roof construction, exits, smoke control systems

127
Q

Preincident planning must be repeated for the same site because

A

Renovations will change the building as well as the information gathered

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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