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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 4 Building Systems > Flashcards

4 Building Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Convenience stair

A

Stare that usually connect two floors in a multi story building

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2
Q

Rise

A

Vertical distance between the treads of a stairway or the height of the entire stairway

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3
Q

Run

A

Horizontal measurement of a stair tread or the distance of the entire stair line

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4
Q

Means of egress

A

Save continue this path of travel from any point in a structured to a public way composed of three parts exit access, exit, exit discharge

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5
Q

Straight run stairs

A

Extend in a straight line for their entire length findings may be found breaking up the stairs vertical travel at intervals

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6
Q

Return stairs

A

Intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point

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7
Q

Scissors stairs

A

Two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft, opposing return stairs. May serve opposing floors

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8
Q

Circular stairs

A

Two levels there is been on with inches stairs that curve

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9
Q

Folding stairs

A

Folding attic stairs provide access that doesn’t have permanence stairs

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10
Q

Spiral stairs

A

Allows stairs in a place in a small space. Spiral stairs consists of a series of steps spiraling around a single column

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11
Q

Protected stair closure

A

Stair with code required fire rated enclosure construction. Intended to protect documents as they make their way through

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12
Q

The only penetrations permitted and protected stairs enclosure are

A

For light, fire protection, environment control

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13
Q

Exterior stairs

A

Exterior to a building and opened the air, naturally ventilated or partially enclosed

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14
Q

Fire escape

A

Open metal stairs and landings attached to the outside of the building

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15
Q

Fire escapes that do exist have been in place for many years because

A

Codes have not permitted fire escapes in new construction for decades

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16
Q

Smoke proof closure

A

Stairways that are designed to limit the penetration of smoke and toxic gases from a fire on a floor of a building to the stairway and that serving as part of a means of egress

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17
Q

Minimum requirement of smoke prove stairs in what type of building

A

Five stories or higher

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18
Q

Smoke proofing may be what two types for stairs

A

Active or passive

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19
Q

Active smoke proof

A

Activated by automatic detection equipment there handling unit pressure rises stairwell to Push smoke out

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20
Q

Maximum and minimum allowable pressure differential between their building is in place for what reason

A

So that the door can be open with a reasonable amount of force

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21
Q

Active smoke proof stairs are entered through

A

Traditionally straight through the hallway, more recently through pressurized vestibule.

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22
Q

Passive smoke proof enclosure

A

Accessed using a vestibule or exterior balcony, protect stairwell from smoke by providing a means for smoke to be vented outside before entering stairs

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23
Q

Open stairs

A

Not enclosed with fire rated construction typically only permitted if connecting two floors

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24
Q

Americans with disabilities act of 1990, public Law 101-336

A

Federal statute intended to remove barriers physical and otherwise that limit access by individuals with disabilities

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25
Q

Most elevator regulations are based on

A

ASME/ANSI A17.1 safety code for elevators

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26
Q

Service elevator

A

Another term used to describe passenger elevators that have been designed to carry freight

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27
Q

Two types of elevators

A

Passenger and freight

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28
Q

Two most common types of power system for hoisting elevators

A

hydraulic and electric

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29
Q

Type of elevator that does not have breaks

A

Hydraulic

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30
Q

Electric elevators are subdivided into

A

Drum elevators more traction elevators

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31
Q

Drum elevator

A

Cable is pulled onto a large drum above the elevator shaft, counterweights reduce effort in wasting and lowering car, similar to a winch

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32
Q

traction elevator

A

Cable from elevator goes straight up and over drive sheave. Traction is produced by counterweight hanging on opposite side of cable. Requires braking system

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33
Q

Traction motor braking system

A

Drum break located on the shaft of the drive motor

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34
Q

Safety mechanisms for elevators

A

Terminal device, buffers, speed reducing switch, overspeed switch, car safeties

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35
Q

Terminal device

A

Electric switch designed to stop in the car by removing power before it reaches the upper and lower limits of hoist way

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36
Q

Buffers

A

Springs or hydraulic shock absorbers at bottom of elevator shaft only stop in elevator car traveling in the normal rate of speed

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37
Q

Speed reducing switch

A

Speed governor. Snows drive motor man elevator starts to exceed safe speed. If continues to accelerate, applies car safeties and trips over speed switch

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38
Q

Overspeed switch

A

Activated it’s been reducing switch fails,

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39
Q

Car safeties

A

Still jobs that wedged against guard rails and bring elevator to a stop. designed to stop freefalling car

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40
Q

Elevator pit

A

Extends down for the lowest floor landing to the bottom of the hoistway

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41
Q

Elevator hoistway is located in an atrium are not required to

A

Not required to be enclosed

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42
Q

Mushrooming

A

Tendency of heat smoke to rise until they encounter horizontal obstruction. At this point they will spread laterally until they encounter vertical obstruction and begin to bank downward

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43
Q

Elevator hoistway enclosures usually are required to be fire rated with

A

One or two hour rating depending on situation

44
Q

building codes require venting at the top of almost every elevator hoistway because

A

To prevent mushrooming

45
Q

The building contains three or fewer elevators code permits them to be in one hoistway. When four or more elevators are provided, there must be

A

A minimum of two separate hoistways

46
Q

Express elevator hoistway is serving upper floors of tall buildings pertaining to entrances have

A

No entrances to the hoistway between the main entrance and lowest floor served

47
Q

Single elevator hoistway that only serve upper levels have access doors for rescue purposes

A

Every three floors or so in that portion without normal hoistway doors (blind shafts)

48
Q

In very tall buildings elevators are divided into zones with one zone serving lower floors and another serving upper floors. As own usually serves how many floors

A

15 through 20 floors

49
Q

Blind hoistway

A

Used for express elevators that serves only upper floors of tall buildings. There are no entrances to the shaft on the floor is between the first floor and the lowest floor served

50
Q

How many doors consist in an elevator door

A

Two, one for the past in your car, one for the hoistway. Passenger car door automatically opens hoistway doors at same time

51
Q

Emergency exits on elevator cars

A

Hatch on the roof of the car, removable panel on the side of the car. Time-consuming only used as a last resort

52
Q

Top exits are present in which type of elevator

A

Traction elevators, hydraulic elevators optionally

53
Q

Some top panels are designed to be opened from inside the elevator but

A

All can be opened from the outside

54
Q

In multiple elevator hoistways most elevator cars are equipped with

A

Side exits to allow passengers to be transferred laterally from a stalled car to functioning car

55
Q

Older moving stairways or escalators, operate at what speed

A

90 through 120 ft./m, speeds now have been standardized at 100 ft./m

56
Q

When serving more than two floors vertical openings created by escalators need to be

A

Protected. Commonly used with sprinklers and draft stop of 18 inches deep

57
Q

Types of conveyor systems

A

Belt, roller, chain, screw, bucket, pneumatic

58
Q

Utility Chase

A

Vertical pathway in a building that contains utility services such as plumbing electric telecommunications ductwork HVAC

59
Q

Pipe chase

A

Concealed vertical channel and which pipes and other utility conduits are housed

60
Q

Pipe chases must be surrounded by

A

Fire resistive construction to ensure fire safety

61
Q

Refuse chute

A

Provides for the removal of trash and garbage from upper floors extending through the building with openings on each floor the depositing of trash or linen

62
Q

Grease duct

A

Part of exhaust system for commercial cooking appliances that produce grease laden vapors.

63
Q

Nfpa 90a

A

Standard for the installation of air conditioning and ventilation systems

64
Q

Hvac ducts often travel vertically through multistory buildings. with few minor exceptions the code requires hvac duct to be

A

Enclosed in fire rated shaft

65
Q

Nfpa 90a requires hvac ducts be in an enclosure rated at

A

1 hr for les than four story building, 2 hr for higher buildings.

66
Q

True, false. Hvac systems cannot distribute products of combustion throughout the structure.

A

False. Hvac can spread combustion products

67
Q

Duct

A

Channel or enclosure , sheet metal, used to move heat and cooling through a building. Hollow pathways used to move air from one area to another in ventilation system

68
Q

Interstitial space.

A

In building construction, refers to generally inaccessible spaces between layers of building materials. May be large enough to spread fire.

69
Q

Duct detectors are provided for fans with capacities exceeding

A

2000 cubic feet per min

70
Q

Natural gas collects in what parts of buildings

A

Upper parts, it’s lighter so it rises.

71
Q

Log, propane, collects in what part of buildings

A

Lower parts, it’s heavier so it sinks.

72
Q

Sometimes interstitial spaces are used as what for hvac

A

Return air plenum. Instead of duct work, though limited by code

73
Q

Smoke control system

A

Engineered system designed to control smoke by using the mechanical fans to produce air flows and pressure differences across smoke barriers to limit and direct smoke movement

74
Q

Automatic smoke control

A

Smoke control systems in hvac disengaged to be automatically initiated by fire protection detection sensors, actuating dampers or venting smoke outside.

75
Q

Automatic smoke control requires careful coordination of fire protection sensors because

A

Improper coordination of sensors and false activations can cause automatic smoke control to mitigate the wrong area.

76
Q

Advantage of manual smoke control system

A

Elimination of system disruption from false alarms. Specific control of system through firefighter smoke control station, manual takes priority over automatic.

77
Q

Disadvantage to manual smoke control

A

Delay in mitigating smoke in building, potentially allowing fire headway

78
Q

Smoke control system should not be activated using

A

The manual pull stations to avoid pull stations being activated in area other than fire and improperly activating system in wrong area

79
Q

Two methods to protect stairwells from smoke

A

Smoke proof tower. Stairwell pressurization

80
Q

Smoke proof tower

A

Smoke proof enclosure that makes use of vestibule between corridor and the stairwell that is open to outside air, isolating stairs from interior of building.

81
Q

Pressurized stairwell

A

Blower or fan pressurizes stairs to keep smoke out

82
Q

Nfpa 92a

A

Standard for smoke control systems utilizing barriers and pressure differences.

83
Q

Stairwell pressurization method where fan supplies air at a single point

A

Single injection method, can cause loss of pressure if door opened close to fan

84
Q

Stairwell Multiple injection system

A

Air forced into stairwells at multiple levels through ducts to overcome limitations of single method.

85
Q

Compensated pressurized stairwell

A

Air pressure is adjusted based on pressure detected in stairwell, adjusting as doors open an close

86
Q

Stairwell pressurization, over pressure relief

A

Weighted dampers to outside forced open if stairwell is over pressurized. Automatic dampers opened by pressure switches. P

87
Q

Smoke and heat vent minimum size for small hatchways

A

4 feet

88
Q

Curtain boards

A

Vertical boards, fire resistive half walls, that extend down from the underside of a roof underneath and ceasing the opening for roof vent, intended to limit spread of fire and smoke

89
Q

Curtain boards are designed to reduce fire spread and increase efficiency of fire and heat vents, minimum depth of boards is

A

No less than 20% of the ceiling height.

90
Q

Voltage

A

The electrical force that causes a charge (electrons) to move through a conductor. Sometimes called electromotive force, EMF

91
Q

High voltage electrical equipment is defined as operating at

A

600 volts or higher

92
Q

Low voltage equipment operates at

A

Less than 600 volts

93
Q

Transformers

A

Used to convert high voltage service to manageable voltage for building use.

94
Q

Transformers may be high or low voltage, their cooling method is one of two

A

Air or oil

95
Q

Dielectric

A

Nonconductor of direct electrical current.

96
Q

Older transformers carry what type of oil

A

High in PCBs, and must be labelled. Flammable.

97
Q

Transformers located inside buildings must be enclosed in

A

3 hour rated transformer rooms if unsprinklered. Sprinklers present then 1 hr room

98
Q

Diesel fuel power generator is most common type because

A

Gasoline is more hazardous and natural gas may be lost during power outages.

99
Q

Generators may be located outside or on roofs for ventilation and cooling. If stored inside what is required.

A

Installed in fire rated room with fuel spill control

100
Q

Day tanks are located in either the same room or on the generator and is typically limited in capacity by code to

A

60 gallons of diesel, usually kept full pumped by main tank

101
Q

Lead acid batteries contain

A

Lead and sulfuric acid,

102
Q

During charging, sulfuric acid releases

A

Hydrogen gas

103
Q

Thermal runaway

A

Battery fire

104
Q

Lead acid batteries are also known as

A 
Wet cell
Gel cell
Starved electrolyte cell
Sealed cell
Maintenance free cell
Flooded cell
105
Q

Firefighting gear is not designed to be exposed to what concerning batteries

A

Acid

106
Q

Small uninterruptible power supplies, UPS, containing lead acid batteries are found near

A

Fire a,arm control panels, under desks, next to computers.

107
Q

When more than one elevator hoistway is provided, up to how many elevators may be located in one hoistway

A

Up to 4

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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