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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 12 Special Structured And Design Features > Flashcards

12 Special Structured And Design Features Flashcards

1
Q

Early high rise buildings

A

End of 19th century construction, possible because of steel construction and elevators.

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2
Q

Early highrise didn’t have hvac, ventilation was done by

A

Opening windows.

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3
Q

Early highrise feature that caused extension and smoke spread

A

Open stairwells and elevator shafts.

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4
Q

Early highrise protection was only from standpipes, when were sprinklers and detection devices introduced.

A

Last quarter of 20th century.

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5
Q

Earliest highrise buildings were usually not more than what height

A

10 or 12 stories.

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6
Q

1920-39 saw construction of highrises over what height

A

40 stories, Empire State 1930 was 102 stories.

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7
Q

Breaking highrise windows is risky because

A

Falling glass to people below

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8
Q

What reduces upward flow of combustion products in modern high rises

A

Enclosed stairs and elevator shafts.

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9
Q

Modern highrise fire rating for structural and floor

A

2-3 hrs for structural members and 2 for floor.

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10
Q

Required fire protection systems by model building code.

A

Sprinklers, voice Evac system, smoke control system, fire department communication system

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11
Q

Building codes have requires sprinklers and standpipes since

A

1970s

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12
Q

Elevation increase and increased friction loss is a problem for highrise. For 300’ bulling what would pressure need to be for 100 psi at the standpipe connection.

A

130 for friction loss. 100 for nozzle , 230 total.

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13
Q

Nfpa 14 requires pressure regulators at standpipe connection if pressure exceeds

A

100 psi for 1.5” connections

Or static pressure exceeding 175 for larger

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14
Q

Pressure reducers are required on standpipe connection because

A

High pressure required to get proper water flow to upper levels, causing too muc her pressure for hose lines at lower floors.

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15
Q

Fire alarms are required in highrise because

A

High occupancy

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16
Q

For evacuating high rises in alarm activation, it is not uncommon to evacuate which floors

A

Floor of activation and above and below only.

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17
Q

Fire department communication systems serve

A

The lobby as command center, to landings of exit stairways, areas of refuge, elevators, elevator lobbies, emergency generator and fire pump rooms.

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18
Q

Spare fire department communication handsets are typically located

A

On the fire command center at the main lobby

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19
Q

Typically fire command center of highrise is located where

A

First floor or level of where fire department usually accesses. Close room 1 hr fire rating

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20
Q

Typical features of highrise fire command center

A

Voice alarm system control panel
Fd 2 way telephone panel
Fire detection and alarm annunciatior panel
Elevator location and status panel
Sprinkler valve and water flow annunciatior
Emergency and standby power indicator and controls
Fire pump status indicators,
Door lock controls
Public phone access
Smoke management system panel

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21
Q

One model building code requires what addition to the fire command room in a high rise

A

Work table and building plans

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22
Q

Horizontal extension in high rises depends on

A

Compartmentation or subdivision

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23
Q

Phase I of elevator ops

A

Elevator recall from alarm activation to certain floor

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24
Q

Phase II elevator operations

A

Override, fd operation

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25
Q

Cautions to be taken while using elevator in fire

A

Maintain radio contact ability
Know visual indicator for impeding elevator problem
Be aware of possible power failure
Never use fire or heat or water damaged elevator

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26
Q

Shunt trip

A

Sprinklers in elevator mech room or joist way protected by sprinkler. Shuts off power before sprinkler activates.

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27
Q

Phase 1 elevator fund required with service height over

A

25 ft

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28
Q

If alarm is activated at the primary recall floor where does elevator go in phase I

A

Alternate floor

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29
Q

All elevator cars must be accounted for at recall during phase I because

A

A stalled car may have trapped occupants.

30
Q

What function is deactivated inside the elevator car during phase I recall

A

Emergency stop, door, and floor controls

31
Q

During phase II elevator use, what function outside elevator is inoperable

A

Elevator call button in hallway of elevator lobbies.

32
Q

Why is the electric eye safety for the elevator door deactivated in phase II

A

Because it’s manually operated and prevent smoke from keeping it open.

33
Q

Why is emergency stop button operable in phase II of elevator ops

A

So firefighters can stop the car if there is a problem

34
Q

An underground building as defined by some codes is one that

A

Is 30 or more below main exit underground

35
Q

Difficulties in underground buildings

A

Ventilation
Water drainage from fire or sprinkler ops
Access
Rescue of occupants.

36
Q

Single greatest challenge of controlling underground building fires

A

Ventilation

37
Q

Smokeproof enclosures are required for buildings how deep under grade

A

30 ft or more with only access in elevators and stairs.

38
Q

Maximum available fire resistance for subway station structural members

A

4 hrs

39
Q

Buildings that present similar challenges as underground buildings

A

Windowless or blank walled buildings

40
Q

Windowless buildings are typically required to have

A

Sprinklers

41
Q

Emergency access openings in windowless buildings typically required

A

On a minimum Of two sides of upper floors. Readily identifiable and operable from inside and out

42
Q

Pressure requirement to keep air supported membrane building up

A

Appx 0.35 psi

43
Q

Egress in air supported membrane buildings

A

Airlock vestibule

44
Q

Air supported structures are typically hoe many levels

A

One usable level besides possible mezzanine.

45
Q

To combat wind forces, air supported structures need

A

Increased internal pressures to resist wind force, sometimes computer controlled

46
Q

Membrane covered cable and membrane covered frame

A

One uses cables and masts, other uses metal frame, more common than air membrane but less unobstructed space

47
Q

Covered mall

A

Numerous stores facing common hallway fro pedestrian traffic that is covered

48
Q

A mall, must be at least how wide to allow pedestrian traffic and exit

A

Minimum 20’

49
Q

Anchor stores

A

Major national retail stores used to increase mall appeal, usually at ends , large unprotected openings

50
Q

Individual mall stores are required to have what fire rating wall between them

A

One hour, but mostly are unprotected opening to mall walkways.

51
Q

Smoke control systems are typically not required for one story malls but usually are required for what height malls

A

2 stories and above

52
Q

Detention center

A

Smaller holding facility for inmates before transfer to larger correctional facility

53
Q

What was invented in correctional facilities to allow for sprinklers that won’t facilitate suicide by hanging

A

Break away sprinkler heads

54
Q

Atrium

A

Open area in building 2 or more stories. Like covered courtyard usually with skylights

55
Q

High rise building

A

Any building that exceeds the height of the departments aerial device. Generally more than 75 ft

56
Q

With atriums, sprinklers may only be required for

A

The floor connected by the atrium

57
Q

Code requires atrium have fire rating of

A

One hour enclosure or glass and sprinklers.

58
Q

In an atrium 1 hr enclosure rating can be eliminated when

A

Up to three or more stories

59
Q

Sprinklers may be omitted in atriums with ceilings higher than

A

55’

60
Q

Explosion

A

A physical or chemical process that results in a rapid release of energy and high pressure gas into environment

61
Q

Types of building explosions

A

Chemical rxn like natural gas and air or dust and air
Uncontrolled chemical rxns in plants of unstable compounds
Boiler explosions- physical from over pressure

62
Q

Damage inflicted form explosion is dependent on

A

Maximum pressure released
Rate of pressure rise
Duration of peak pressure
Resistance of confining structure

63
Q

Explosion containment

A

Building designed with adequate reinforcement to contain pressure form explosion

64
Q

Venting explosion

A

Quickly relieve pressure from explosion before it can cause damage. Louver vents, hangar doors, wall panels, windows, roof vents

65
Q

Explosion vent panels should not weigh more than

A

3 lbs

66
Q

Area of refuge for egress stairway is located

A

With stairway on landing or in adjacent vestibule with room for one or two wheelchairs.

67
Q

What is often used as an area of refuge

A

Elevator lobbies

68
Q

Smoke barrier rating for area of refuge

A

One hour

69
Q

Are of refuge should be provided with

A

Some means of communication

70
Q

Storage racks can vary from

A

2-3 tiers, 12 ft tall or over 100’

71
Q

Rack configuration may cause what problems

A

Narrow isles so sprinklers can’t get to it,

flues for fire travel between items.

72
Q

Sprinklers fro racks are determined by

A

Height and style of racks
Things being stored
Types of containers or pallets

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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