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Building Construction Related To The Fire Service > 5 Fire Behavior And Building Construction > Flashcards

5 Fire Behavior And Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

Exposed interior surfaces of buildings including but not limited to fix your movable walls and partitions columns and ceilings commonly refers to finish on walls and ceilings but not floor coverings

A

Interior finishes

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2
Q

Building code usually exclude surface treatment such as paint and wallpaper no thicker than

A

1/28 “

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3
Q

Degree to which fire can spread over the surface of a material is technically referred to as the

A

Surface burning characteristics of the material

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4
Q

Speed of flame spread over interior finishes influenced by factors such as

A

Composition of material
Ventilation
The shape and space in which the material is installed
Whether the finish material is applied to ceiling or wall

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5
Q

Within product, quarter inch or less, will propagate flame faster one attached to studs with airspace behind it then when attached directly to more solid material such as gypsum. Building codes therefore require

A

Those materials with faster burning rights to be installed over noncombustible surface

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6
Q

Three classes of interior finishes

A

A, B, C

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7
Q

Class a material interior finish

A

0 through 25 flame spread rating are required in vertical exits of most occupancies

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8
Q

Interior finish class B material

A

26-75 flame spread rating required and hallways that provide exit access

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9
Q

Class C interior finish material

A

76-200 flame spread rate

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10
Q

Class a B or C interior finish materials may be required in other rooms and spaces depending on occupancy rooms of healthcare in assemblies for example will require

A

Either class a or B interior finish

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11
Q

HHR heat release rate

A

Total amount of heat produced or released to the atmosphere from the convective lift fire phase of a fire per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit time

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12
Q

A greater heat release rate results in faster developing fire. The faster the available fuel burns the

A

Greater the heat released rate will be

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13
Q

Flame spread rating

A

Numerical rating assigned to a material based on the speed and extent to which a flame travels over its surface

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14
Q

Steiner. Tunnel test

A

Unofficial name for the test used to determine the flames spread ratings of various materials

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15
Q

Assembly

A

All components or manufactured parts necessary for and fitted together to form a complete machine structure or system

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16
Q

Most commonly used method for evaluating surface burning characteristics

A

Steiner tunnel test

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17
Q

Interior finishes are tested to derive several measures of a materials flammability:

A

Flame spread rating and smoke developed rating

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18
Q

Steiner tunnel test is also identified as

A

ASTM standard E84, UL 753, NFPA 225, standard method of test of surface burning characteristics of building material

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19
Q

Flame spread rate of gypsum wallboard

A

10-15

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20
Q

Flame spread rate of treated Douglas fir plywood

A

15-60

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21
Q

Flame spread rating of mineral acoustical tile

A

15-25

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22
Q

Walnut faced plywood flame spread rating

A

171-260

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23
Q

Flame spread rating veneered woods

A

Approximately 515

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24
Q

To derive the numerical flame spread rating what is used as a baseline

A

Asbestos cement board and red Oak flooring

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25
Q

True/false Flame spread rating test is a means of comparing service flammability to standard materials under control test. It is not an absolute measure for fire spread

A

True

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26
Q

The tunnel test is not apply to which type of coverings

A

Floor coverings

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27
Q

Toxicity

A

Ability of a substance to do harm within the body

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28
Q

Volatility

A

Ability of a substance to vaporize easily at a relatively low temperature

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29
Q

What test is used to determine smoke developed rating

A

Tunnel test

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30
Q

A measure of the relative visual obscurity, determined by photo electric light cell, created by smoke from tested material

A

Smoke developed rating

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31
Q

Codes limit maximum smoke developed to

A

450

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32
Q

Smoke developed rating is not an indication of

A

Toxicity or volatility of the products of combustion for interior finish materials

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33
Q

for smoke developed The tunnel test is not detect or measure

A

Completely transparent product of combustion such as carbon monoxide

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34
Q

Fire retardant

A

Any substance except plain water, that is applied to another material or substance to reduce flammability or slow their rate of combustion by chemical or physical action

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35
Q

Several types of fire retardant coatings

A

Mastics, gas forming paints, cementitious and mineral fiber coatings, intumescent paint

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36
Q

Intumescent paint reacts how when exposed to heat

A

Creates a thick puffy coating that insulates would service from heat and excludes oxygen from wood

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37
Q

Mastic coating forms a

A

Thick noncombustible coding over surface of wood

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38
Q

Fire retardant coatings only affect the coated surface. They do not affect

A

The untreated backside of a panel

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39
Q

Immaterial listed as fire retardant coding does not increase fire resistance of

A

Structural components or assemblies unless it has also been tested and listed for that use

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40
Q

Some materials are more hazardous when in a real room than a tunnel test because

A

Flame spread is different over vertical surface that horizontal, walls and ceiling provide radiation of heat

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41
Q

Test procedures that incorporate the size and shape of real rooms collectively known as

A

Corner test

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42
Q

Active fire protection

A

Use of equipment such as automatic sprinkler system or fire alarms, and require power source for operation power source may be manual such as portable fire extinguishers

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43
Q

Passive fire protection

A

Relies on building construction and materials to contain fire or products of combustion, such as fire walls or stair enclosures

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44
Q

Compartmentation systems

A

Series of barriers designed to keep flames smoke and heat from spreading from one room to another. May be doors extra walls or partitions, fire stopping materials inside walls

45
Q

Rated assembly

A

Assemblies of building components such as doors walls roofs and other structural features, because of occupancy, required by code to have minimum fire resistance rating

46
Q

Compartmentation

A

Subdivision of building or floor levels by fire rated walls or partitions

47
Q

Codes are required and some occupancies such as hospitals, so that people can be moved from fire area to protected part of the floor, or area of refuge this is known as

A

Defending in place, or sheltering in place

48
Q

Firewall

A

Otherwise known as area separation wall or erected to limit the maximum spread of fire

49
Q

Fire rated wall with a specific degree of fire resistance, built of fire resistant material and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building. Designed to limit the spread of fire within a structure or between adjacent structures

A

Fire wall

50
Q

Building codes typically allow elimination of firewalls when a building is

A

Equipped with automatic sprinkler system if criteria for occupancy height and other code requirements is met

51
Q

Under severe fire conditions what must be anticipated on either side of a firewall

A

Structural collapse

52
Q

Firewalls can be constructed as either

A

Freestanding walls, or as tide walls

53
Q

Tied firewall

A

Firewall corrected in between steel frames or concrete frames such as garters or columns, either as is or continuing and rows of that sequence

54
Q

Firewalls have ratings of

A

2-4 hours depending on occupancy

55
Q

4 hour firewall usually must be constructed of

A

Masonry or concrete and have a three hour openings

56
Q

In most buildings firewalls must be constructed of

A

Noncombustible material, exceptions made for type five buildings

57
Q

Firewalls must extend beyond walls and roofs to prevent

A

Radiant heat of flames on either side of wall from igniting adjacent services. Accomplished by extending with parapet

58
Q

The parapet height above a combustible roof is determined by code and varies from

A

18-36 inches

59
Q

The combustibility of interior finishes affects the fire behavior in several ways

A

It can contribute to fire extension by flames spread over surface
Affects rate of fire growth
Adds to the intensity of a fire by contributing fuel
Can produce smoke and talks a gases adding life hazard

60
Q

Fire partition

A

Fire barrier that extends from one floor to the bottom of the floor above or to the underside of the fire rated ceiling assembly. Lower-level protection than a firewall

61
Q

Fire petitions are interior walls used to subdivided floor or area of building that do not qualify as

A

Firewalls

62
Q

Fire partitions may not extend

A

Continuously through a building

63
Q

Fire partitions can be constructed of different types of materials depending on required fire resistance. Five eights inch gypsum applied to both sides of 2 1/2 inch steel studs with yield what fire resistance

A

One hour

64
Q

Wood stud partitions cannot be used for loadbearing partitions in fire resistant buildings because

A

Structural components in fire resistant the buildings need to be fire resistive

65
Q

Enclosure walls are used to

A

Enclose such vertical openings as stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe chases, extending from floor to floor in a building

66
Q

The purpose of enclosure walls is

A

To block the vertical spread of fire through a building and protect the egress in a stairway

67
Q

Enclosure walls are required to have fire rating. Stairwells in a building three story or less are required to have how many hrs.

A

1 hour enclosure, 2 hour enclosures for buildings taller than three stories

68
Q

Glazing

A

Glass or Thermo plastic panel and a window that allows light to pass

69
Q

Light shafts are designed to let in natural light, however they can cause

A

Spread of fire from window to window vertically or horizontally

70
Q

Curtainwall

A

Non load bearing exterior wall attached to the outside of the building with a rigid steel frame. Usually the front exterior wall of the building intended to provide a certain appearance. Only intended to separate inside from out

71
Q

Curtain walls are not limited to steel frames they are also frequently used in buildings with

A

Concrete frames

72
Q

Curtain walls that are made of aluminum and glass have what type of fire resistance

A

None

73
Q

Noncombustible curtainwalls are allowed to have no fire resistance if they are

A

Spaced far enough from other buildings or face and open area such as a street

74
Q

Curtain walls that are not fire resistive frequently extend from

A

The floor of one level to the ceiling

75
Q

Fire door

A

Fire rated door designed to prevent the fire spread by automatically closing in covering a doorway in a firewall

76
Q

Fire doors are rated for how many hours

A

Four, three, 1 1/2, one, three quarter, one half, 20 minutes

77
Q

letter designations for fire doors

A

A, B, C, D, E

78
Q

Class a fire door

A

Openings in firewalls

79
Q

Class B fire door

A

Opening in vertical shafts and opening in 2 hour rated partitions

80
Q

Class C fire door

A

Openings between rooms and hallways having a fire resistance of one hour or less

81
Q

Class D fire door

A

Opening in Exterior wall subject to severe fire exposure from outside of a building

82
Q

Class E fire door

A

Opening an extra wall subject to moderate or light exposure from outside

83
Q

Half hour and 20 minute fire doors are primarily used in

A

Smoke barriers and openings to hallways

84
Q

In firewalls of greater than two hour rating, code typically requires what rating fire door

A

Three or four hour

85
Q

For two hour fire rated vertical enclosures what rating of fire door is required

A

1.5 hr

86
Q

For one hour fire rated vertical shaft enclosures and exit enclosures what rated fire door is used

A

One hour

87
Q

Hardware used on fire doors is referred to as either

A

Builders hardware, or fire door hardware

88
Q

Builders hardware is applied to swing doors and consists of

A

Typical door hardware design for fire rating

89
Q

Fire door hardware is used on sliding and swinging fire doors and is provided

A

With the door usually installed on it shipped with the door

90
Q

Doors with what fire rating can be equipped with glass panels

A

Up to three hours

91
Q

Fire doors with the rating of one, 1 1/2, and three hours can have glass panels up to what size

A

100 in.²

92
Q

Fire doors with ratings of three quarter hour can have a tall glass area consistent with the rating for an individual piece cannot exceed

A

1296 in.²

93
Q

Fire doors with rating of half or one third hour can have fire rated glass up to a maximum area of

A

What they were tested at

94
Q

Automatic fire door

A

Normally held open, closes automatically under fire conditions when an alarm is activated

95
Q

Self-closing fire door

A

Normally closed and will return to the closed position if it is opened and released

96
Q

Fire door closer

A

Spring hinges for sprung device mounted at the top of the door and the frame that closes the door on its own when released

97
Q

Fire door holder

A

Hold the door open until fire alarm releases the mechanism allowing the door to close. Example electromagnetic door holder

98
Q

Fire door operator

A

Intended for use with slighting fire door mounted on either a level or inclined to track. Electronic operator opens and closes the door for normal use. Under fire conditions,fusible link disconnects door from operator and closes with spring or weight

99
Q

Disadvantage to fusible link for closing a fire door

A

Although cheap, slower to operate and I can allow smoke through the door

100
Q

Rolling steel fire door

A

Maybe located on one or both sides of the wall, intended for industrial occupancy or separating buildings. Usually closes with gravity after fusible link melts, or motor driven

101
Q

Horizontal sliding fire door

A

Found an older industrial buildings. Usually held open it and slide into position along traffic either by gravity or counterweight

102
Q

Sliding fire doors are typically would core she did in metal because

A

Would provides thermal insulation, sheet metal protects wood from fire. Vent holes required to allow vapor from wood offgassing to vent

103
Q

Smooth galvanized sheet metal on the wood core door is known as

A

Kalamein doors

104
Q

Fire doors made with galvanize steel, or terneplate (tin and lead) are known as

A

Tin clad doors

105
Q

Swinging fire door

A

Typically for use with stairwell enclosures and hallways. Disadvantage, requires clear space to allow door to close. Advantage, good for pedestrian traffic

106
Q

Special fire doors

A

For freight and passenger elevator, Service counter openings, security, dumbwaiters, chute openings

107
Q

Horizontal folding fire door

A

Motor driven requires electrical power and signal from smoke detector or fire alarm. Battery operated for reserve power. Frequently used for open floorplans for firewall is not constructed like a lobby

108
Q

Common reasons for fire door closure failure

A

Closing mechanism is damaged during fire closer door or guides damaged. Obstructed doors, intentionally held open

Building Construction Related To The Fire Service (15 decks)

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