8. Emotion And Motivation

Question 1

What is valence?

What is arousal?

Answer 1

How positive or negative the experience is

How active or passive the experience is

Question 2

Wha is emotion?

Answer 2

A positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

Question 3

1. Negative valence high arousal:
2. Positive valence high arousal:
3. Low arousal positive valence:
4. Low arousal negative valence:

Answer 3

1. Angry, tense, annoyed
2. Excited, aroused, happy
3. Relaxed, satisfied, calm
4. Bored, depressed

Question 4

James-Lange theory?

Answer 4

A stimulus triggers activity in the body, which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain

Question 5

Cannon-Bard theory?

Answer 5

A stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the body and emotional experience in the brain

Question 6

Two-factor theory?

Schachter and Singer

Answer 6

Emotions are inferences about physiological arousal.

Question 7

Appraisal?

Answer 7

An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

Amygdala

Question 8

Emotion regulation?

Answer 8

The strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience

Suppression
Affect labeling
Reappraisal

Question 9

Reappraisal?

Answer 9

Changing one’s emotional experience by changing the way one thinks about the emotion-eliciting stimulus

Question 10

Emotional expression?

Answer 10

An observable sign of an emotional state

Question 11

Universality hypothesis?

Answer 11

Emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone

Question 12

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 12

Emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify

Question 13

Display rule

Answer 13

A norm for the appropriate expression of emotion

Question 14

Motivation?

Drive?

Answer 14

The purpose for or psychological cause of an action

An internal state that signals a psychological need
Hunger: ghrelin, leptin in hypothalamus
No hunger but several deficits switched on by unique chemical messenger

Question 15

Bulima nervosa

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 15

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of being fat and severe restriction of food intake

Question 16

Intrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic motivation?

Answer 16

A motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding

A motivation to take actions that lead to reward

Question 17

Conscious motivations?

Unconscious motivations?

Answer 17

Aware

Unaware

Question 18

Need for achievement?

Answer 18

Motivation to solve worthwhile problems

Question 19

Approach motivation?

Avoidance motivation?

Answer 19

A motivation to experience a positive outcome

A motivation not to experience a negative outcome

Question 20

Terror management theory?

Answer 20

A theory about how people respond to knowledge of their own mortality

Question 21

What’s wrong with two factor theory?

Answer 21

Anger, fear, sadness produced higher heart rate than disgust
Anger produced higher temp than fear

Parasympathetic uniquely related to prosocial emotions

Question 22

What are the slow and fast pathways?

Answer 22

Thalamus to cortex then amygdala

Thamalus to amygdala

Amygdala presses gas pedal
Cortex brakes

Question 23

What happens when amygdala damaged?

Answer 23

Person unable to feel fear and anger and don’t recognize it in others

Question 24

What happens when people lie?

Answer 24

Speak slower, take longer to answer questions, respond in less detail

Performance too good