4. Sensation And Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensation

A

Stimulation of a sensory organ

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2
Q

Perception

A

The organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation

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3
Q

Transduction

A

What takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the CNs

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4
Q

Psychphysics

A

Methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer’s sensitivity to that stimulus

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The point where the increasing intensity of the stimulus enables an observer to detect it on 50% of the trials

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6
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

The minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected

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7
Q

Weber’s law

A

The just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion despite variations in intensity.

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8
Q

Signal detection theory

A

The response to a stimulus depends on a person’s sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person’s response criterion

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9
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions

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10
Q

Visual acuity

A

The ability to see fine detail

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11
Q

Retina

A

Light-sensitive tissue on the back of the eye

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12
Q

Accommodation

A

The process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina

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13
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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14
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

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15
Q

Fovea

A

Area of the retina where vision is clearest

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16
Q

Cones and rods

A

Colour and night vision

17
Q

Visual form agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects by sight

18
Q

Binding problem

A

How features are linked together so that we see unified objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or miscombined features

19
Q

Illusory conjunction

A

A perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are incorrectly combined

20
Q

Feature-integration theory

A

The idea that focused attention is not required to detect the individual features that comprise a stimulus, but is required to bind those individual features together

21
Q

Monocular depth cues

A

Aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye

22
Q

Binocular disparity

A

The difference in the retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth

23
Q

Apparent motion

A

The perception of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations.

24
Q

Change blindness

A

When people fail to detect changes to the visual details of a scene

25
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

A failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention

26
Q

Area A1

A

Contains the primary auditory cortex in the frontal lobe

27
Q

Place code

A

Process by which different frequencies stimulate neural signals at specific places along the basilar membrane, from which the brain determines pitch
High frequencies

28
Q

Temporal code

A

The cochlea registers low frequencies via the firing of action potentials entering the auditory nerve

29
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Replaces function of hair cells

30
Q

Haptic perception

A

Exploration of our environment via touch

31
Q

Referred pain

A

Feeling of pain when sensory information from internal and external areas converge on the same nerve cells in the spinal cord

32
Q

Gate-control theory of pain

A

A theory of pain perception based on the idea that signals arriving from pain receptors in the body can be stopped by interneurons in the spinal cord via feedback from two directions

33
Q

Principles of perceptual organization

A
Closure
Common fate
Continuity
Similiarity
Simplicity
Proximity