1. Important Names Flashcards
William James
Imported psychology to NA
Functionalism: study of the purposes mental processes serve
Ultimate function of all psychological processes must be to help people survive and reproduce
Plato
Believed in nativism, certain kinds of knowledge are inborn
Aristotle
Believed in empiricism, all knowledge acquired through empiricism
Descartes
Body and mind are different things
Dualism
Hobbes
Mind is what the brain does
Broca
Broca’s area
Damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific psychological function
Von Helmholtz
Measured reaction times
Wundt
Consciousness is person’s subjective experience of world
Structuralism: analysis of basic elements of mind
Introspection: report on contents of subjective experience
Charcot
Studied Hysteria: temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences
Reoccurred after leaving hypnosis
Freud
Memories reside in unconscious
Psychoanalysis: bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders
Maslow
Humanistic psychology emphasized positive potential
Rogers
Humanistic psychology
Behaviourism
Psychology should restrict itself to studying objectively observable behaviour
Watson
Psychologists should study what people do instead of what they say because it can be measured objectively
Integrated Pavlov’s stimulus-response
Skinner
Skinner box
Rats
Reinforcement: consequences of a behaviour determine whether it will occur again
Free will an illusion
Wertheimer
Illusions
Perception brings many elements together to form whole
Gestalt
Lewin
Best way to predict behaviour was not to understand stimuli responding to but their subjective interpretation
Broadbent
We have a limited capacity to handle incoming information
Miller
We can hold 7 pieces of information at once
Chomsky
Language relies on mental rules that allow people to understand and produce words and sentences
Calkins
First female president of the APA
Clark
First minority president of the APA
Instrumental in ending race discrimination in US schools