1. Important Names

Question 1

William James

Answer 1

Imported psychology to NA
Functionalism: study of the purposes mental processes serve
Ultimate function of all psychological processes must be to help people survive and reproduce

Question 2

Plato

Answer 2

Believed in nativism, certain kinds of knowledge are inborn

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

Believed in empiricism, all knowledge acquired through empiricism

Question 4

Descartes

Answer 4

Body and mind are different things

Dualism

Question 5

Hobbes

Answer 5

Mind is what the brain does

Question 6

Broca

Answer 6

Broca’s area

Damage to a specific part of the brain impaired a specific psychological function

Question 7

Von Helmholtz

Answer 7

Measured reaction times

Question 8

Wundt

Answer 8

Consciousness is person’s subjective experience of world
Structuralism: analysis of basic elements of mind
Introspection: report on contents of subjective experience

Question 9

Charcot

Answer 9

Studied Hysteria: temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences
Reoccurred after leaving hypnosis

Question 10

Freud

Answer 10

Memories reside in unconscious

Psychoanalysis: bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

Question 11

Maslow

Answer 11

Humanistic psychology emphasized positive potential

Question 12

Rogers

Answer 12

Humanistic psychology

Question 13

Behaviourism

Answer 13

Psychology should restrict itself to studying objectively observable behaviour

Question 14

Watson

Answer 14

Psychologists should study what people do instead of what they say because it can be measured objectively
Integrated Pavlov’s stimulus-response

Question 15

Skinner

Answer 15

Skinner box
Rats
Reinforcement: consequences of a behaviour determine whether it will occur again
Free will an illusion

Question 16

Wertheimer

Answer 16

Illusions
Perception brings many elements together to form whole
Gestalt

Question 17

Lewin

Answer 17

Best way to predict behaviour was not to understand stimuli responding to but their subjective interpretation

Question 18

Broadbent

Answer 18

We have a limited capacity to handle incoming information

Question 19

Miller

Answer 19

We can hold 7 pieces of information at once

Question 20

Chomsky

Answer 20

Language relies on mental rules that allow people to understand and produce words and sentences

Question 21

Calkins

Answer 21

First female president of the APA

Question 22

Clark

Answer 22

First minority president of the APA

Instrumental in ending race discrimination in US schools