8 Flashcards
neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis) that stores hormones secreted by hypothalamic neurons (a neurohemal organ)
incretins
intestinal hormones increasing insulin secretion
gluconeogenesis
a procedure in which the liver synthesizes de novo sugars from lactic acid and amino-acids (mainly from blood proteins)
receptor potential
membrane potential change of the sensory cell in response to the stimulus
spermatogenesis
formation and maturation of the sperms in the testes and accessory male reproductive organs
sclera
the outermost, white layer of the eyeball
citric-acid cycle (Szentgyörgyi-Krebs cycle)
final break-down of the two-carbonic compound acetyl-group that comes from either the glycolysis or the fatty-acid metabolism (beta-oxidation); the end-products are carbon-dioxide and reduced co-enzymes
epitop
characteristic part of the odor molecule that can be detected by a specific 7TM receptor on the apical surface of the olfactory sensory neuron
tip link
protein structure connecting the tips of the stereocilia; important for the deformation of the membrane and thus for the opening of the K+ channels during bending of the stereocilia
dermatome
strip-like part of the skin innervated by one spinal segment
stimulus threshold
minimal energy of stimulus that changes action potential frequency in the primary sensory neuron
T4
tetraiodothyronine, hormone of the thyroid gland
hypoglycemia
decreased blood-sugar level
calcification
(mineralization) osteoid tissue becomes bone tissue by the precipitation of calcium salts
parathormone
hormone of the parathyroid glands; increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and calcium mobilization in the bone, thus increases calcium level in the blood
