4

Question 1

mineralization

Answer 1

(calcification) osteoid tissue becomes bone tissue by the precipitation of calcium salts

Question 2

podocyte

Answer 2

epithelial cell type in the Bowman’s capsule attached to the basal membrane of the glomerulus, filtrate passes between its foot like processes into the tubules of the nephron

Question 3

climacteric

Answer 3

cessation and termination of the female reproductive activity; a natural physiological procedure

Question 4

blind spot (optic disc)

Answer 4

the spot on the retina, where the axons of the ganglion cells and blood vessels penetrate the wall of the eyeball; no receptor cells are found here

Question 5

indirect calorimetry

Answer 5

estimation of the heat produced by an organism by measuring oxygen consumption and respiratory differences of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired air

Question 6

Sertoli-cells

Answer 6

cells in the wall of the tubules in the testis with a crucial role in the maturation of sperm cells

Question 7

alkalosis

Answer 7

higher than normal pH level, i.e. accumulation of base in the body

Question 8

Langerhans’ islets

Answer 8

hormone producing (endocrine) cell-groups of the pancreas

Question 9

muscle tone

Answer 9

continuous, slight contraction of the skeletal muscles important in the maintenance of the posture

Question 10

cardiac sphincter

Answer 10

ring of muscles separating the esophagus from the stomach

Question 11

absorption

Answer 11

transport of the digested nutrients (amino-acids, sugars, fatty-acids) from the lumen of the intestine to the blood vessels across the intestinal wall

Question 12

receptive field

Answer 12

part of the environment or body (visual field, skin, etc.) from which the activity of the examined element of the sensory system can be changed

Question 13

neurohemal-organ

Answer 13

organs of neuronal origin in that store hormones (usually secreted by other neurons (e.g. neurohypophysis)