13 Flashcards
diabetes mellitus
disease due to the lack or ineffectiveness of the insulin hormone; symptoms are sugar in the urine, excess urination and overdrinking, acetone in the saliva, metabolic disturbances, sometimes coma
facultative reabsorption
controlled reuptake of certain elements of the primary urine (ultrafiltrate) in the distal kidney tubules and collecting duct according to the need of the organism
motor unit
collection of muscle fibers innervated by the same motoneuron
trop hormones
pituitary (adenohypophysis) hormones that stimulate production and release of other hormones from other glands (e.g. TSH, ACTH, FSH)
Cori-cycle
a procedure in which the lactic-acid produced in the muscles under anaerobic conditions is rebuilt to sugar in the liver on the expense of the break-down of its 1/3 amount
amacrine cell
interneuron in the retina establishing horizontal connections mostly close to the ganglion cells
CCK
cholecystokinin produced in the small intestine in response to lipids and proteins, it induces emptying of the gallbladder, increases enzyme production in the pancreas and inhibits emptying of the stomach
Henle’s loop
a tubule connecting the proximal and the distal tubules in the kidneys
cis-retinal
organic compound derived from vitamin A; in visual pigments it absorbs the energy of photons
proprioceptor
receptor detecting the position of the body and the state of the muscles, tendons and joints
mineralocorticoids
hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that regulate sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) ratio (aldosterone, DOC)
regurgitation
in ruminants chyme reenters the buccal cavity without vomiting
remodeling
the continuous degradation and rebuilding of the bone tissue
fenestra rotunda
membrane covered opening between the cochlea and the middle ear, it lets the perilymph move when the stapes pushes the membrane at the fenestra ovale
endolymph
fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear, produced by secretion, characterized by high K+ levels
