11

Question 1

spinocerebellum (paleocerebellum

Answer 1

consists of the vermis and the intermediate part of the hemispheres, it monitors the execution of motor commands issued by the cortex

Question 2

opsin

Answer 2

protein part of the photopigment

Question 3

horizontal cell

Answer 3

inhibitory interneuron in the retina connecting receptor cells

Question 4

scotopic vision

Answer 4

monochromatic vision produced through the rods in low light

Question 5

photopic vision

Answer 5

chromatic vision produced through the cones under well-lit conditions

Question 6

white muscle fiber

Answer 6

muscle fiber characterized by few mitochondria, low myoglobin content, quick fatigue, but very fast contraction

Question 7

red muscle fiber

Answer 7

muscle fiber characterized by good blood supply, many mitochondria, high myoglobin content and slow fatigue

Question 8

emission

Answer 8

the release of the semen from it stores (vesicula seminalis) to the urethra before ejaculation

Question 9

bilirubin

Answer 9

yellowish bile pigment produced by breakdown of heme

Question 10

dark current

Answer 10

continuous inflow of Na+ and Ca++ into rods and cones in dark through cGMP-regulated channels, causing hypopolarization and glutamate release

Question 11

rachitis (rickets)

Answer 11

malformation (weakness) of bones caused by the lack of vitamin-D that leads to a decreased absorption of calcium from the gut during development

Question 12

Addison’s disease

Answer 12

caused by the insufficiency of the adrenal cortex most frequently due to an autoimmune process; it leads to extreme weakness, darkening of the skin and increased discharge of urine

Question 13

presbiopia

Answer 13

in elderly people the lens looses its flexibility, thus accommodation is no longer possible for short distances; corrected by reading glasses

Question 14

interoceptor

Answer 14

receptor receiving stimuli from outside the body