3 Flashcards
inverse myotatic reflex (tendon reflex)
bisynaptic reflex starting from the tendon organ; it protects the muscle and tendon by relaxing the muscle, when extreme tension develops
ADH
antidiuretic hormone, hypothalamic hormone, released from the neurohypophysis, increases water permeability in the collecting duct, thus decreasing urine volume
glucogenic amino-acids
amino-acids that can enter into the sugar-metabolic pathways
extrafusal fiber
muscle fibers outside the muscle spindle
osteocyte
bone cell, osteoblasts are transformed into osteocytes; they are located in small cavities within the bone tissue and keep contact with each other through cytoplasmic processes
hyper- and hypothyreosis
over- or underproduction of the thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland, and its symptoms
endopeptidase
protease that cuts internal peptide bonds in a peptid chain
T3
triiodothyronine, the most effective hormone of the thyroid gland
portal circulation
capillaries in one organ are collected into larger vessels (veins), enter the other organ through a narrow entrance (port) and form a second capillary bed to release substances carried from the first organ (e.g. gastrointestinal tract - liver, hypothalamus - hypophysis)
aldosterone
steroid hormone of the adrenal gland, increases Na+ reabsorption in the kidney and at other places
polyuria
the excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine
macrosmatic
animal with superior olfactory abilities
corticosteroids
steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens)
tubular maximum
a rate limit of transport proteins (maximal transport capacity) in the kidney tubules above which only a portion of the given material is reabsorbed (e.g. glucose in the proximal tubule)
lipases
enzymes in the pancreatic juice that digest lipids (fat)
